{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:09:58Z","timestamp":1791277798025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present phylogenetic analyses of the fruticose Ramalinaceae based on extensive collections from many parts of the world, with a special focus on the Vizca\u00edno deserts in north-western Mexico and the coastal desert in Namibia. We generate a four-locus DNA sequence dataset for accessions of<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>and two additional loci for<jats:italic>Niebla<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>. Four genera are strongly supported: the subcosmopolitan<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>, the new genus<jats:italic>Namibialina<\/jats:italic>endemic to SW Africa, and a duo formed by<jats:italic>Niebla<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>, endemic to the New World except the sorediate<jats:italic>V. zebrina<\/jats:italic>that disjunctly occurs in Namibia. The latter three genera are restricted to coastal desert and chaparral where vegetation depends on moisture from ocean fog.<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>is subcosmopolitan and much more diverse in its ecology.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We show that<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>and its sister genus<jats:italic>Namibialina<\/jats:italic>diverged from each other at c. 48 Myrs, whereas<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Niebla<\/jats:italic>split at c. 30 Myrs. The phylogeny of the fruticose genera remains unresolved to their ancestral crustose genera.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Species delimitation within<jats:italic>Namibialina<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>is rather straightforward. The phylogeny and taxonomy of<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>are fully resolved, except for the two youngest clades of corticolous taxa, and support current taxonomy, including four new taxa described here. Secondary metabolite variation in<jats:italic>Niebla<\/jats:italic>generally coincides with major clades which are comprised of species complexes with still unresolved phylogenetic relationships. A micro-endemism pattern of allopatric species is strongly suspected for both genera, except for the corticolous taxa within<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>. Both<jats:italic>Niebla<\/jats:italic>and saxicolous<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>have chemotypes unique to species clades that are largely endemic to the Vizca\u00edno deserts.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The following new taxa are described:<jats:italic>Namibialina<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>gen. nov.<\/jats:bold>with<jats:italic>N. melanothrix<\/jats:italic>(<jats:bold>comb. nov.<\/jats:bold>) as type species, a single new species of<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>R. krogiae<\/jats:italic>) and four new species of<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>V. breviloba<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>V. lacunosa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>V. pustulata<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>V. reticulata<\/jats:italic>). The new combination<jats:italic>V. granulans<\/jats:italic>is introduced. Two epithets are re-introduced for European<jats:italic>Ramalina<\/jats:italic>species:<jats:italic>R. crispans<\/jats:italic>(=<jats:italic>R. peruviana<\/jats:italic>auct. eur.) and<jats:italic>R. rosacea<\/jats:italic>(=<jats:italic>R. bourgeana<\/jats:italic>auct. p.p). A lectotype is designated for<jats:italic>Vermilacinia procera<\/jats:italic>. A key to saxicolous species of<jats:italic>Vermilacinia<\/jats:italic>is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/mycokeys.73.47287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T15:42:13Z","timestamp":1599838933000},"page":"1-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Spjut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Guissard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Magain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-0131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanu\u00ebl","family":"S\u00e9rusiaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"47287_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2017.02.021"},{"key":"47287_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.08.006"},{"key":"47287_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097556"},{"key":"47287_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"issue":"12","key":"47287_B5","first-page":"4251","article-title":"Determination of antigenotoxic effects of four lichen species by using human lymphocytes.","volume":"24","author":"Anar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fresenius Environmental Bulletin"},{"key":"47287_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014885108"},{"key":"47287_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0024282907006901"},{"key":"47287_B8","first-page":"21","article-title":"Key to Ramalina species known from Atlantic islands, with two new species from the Azores.","volume":"15","author":"Aptroot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sauteria"},{"issue":"1","key":"47287_B9","first-page":"22","article-title":"Ramalina elegans (Lichenes, Ramalinaceae) a taxon which has been mistaken for Ramalina calicaris and R. fastigiata in the Iberian Peninsula.","volume":"5","author":"Arroyo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cryptogamic Botany"},{"key":"47287_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.04.024"},{"key":"47287_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160328"},{"key":"47287_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17445647.2018.1543618"},{"key":"47287_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2019.42.04"},{"key":"47287_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01595.x"},{"key":"47287_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003537"},{"key":"47287_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/b81-062"},{"key":"47287_B17","first-page":"368","article-title":"Niebla.","author":"Bowler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lichens Unlimited, vol. 2. 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