{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:04:57Z","timestamp":1781143497753,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AlpEnt"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carabid beetles of the tribe Licinini use their asymmetric mandibles to open the shells of land snails. Prey handling of large snails has been described in a few Licinini species. We observed for the first time how a male of <jats:italic>Licinus depressus<\/jats:italic> (Paykull, 1790) opens the shells of small prey snails (<jats:italic>Chondrina arcadica<\/jats:italic> (Reinhardt, 1881)) and eats their soft bodies. The beetle holds the conical snail shell with its forelegs and breaks the wall of the right-hand coiled shell. In doing so, the beetle rotates the shell counter-clockwise opening it stepwise along the dorsal part of the whorls towards the apex. After some bites, the beetle interrupts the opening process and begins to feed on the snail\u2019s soft tissue. Then the beetle continues to break up the shell, shortly after which there is another feeding phase. The alternating sequence of shell breaking and feeding ends after 2 to 2.5 whorls when the beetle can no longer hold the prey\u2019s remaining intact shell. We compare this previously unknown way of prey handling with the reported predatory behaviour in large snails by other Licinini species. Our observations confirm the high plasticity of predatory behaviour in Licinini beetles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/alpento.7.103164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T06:50:11Z","timestamp":1688453411000},"page":"63-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["\ufeffPrey handling and feeding habits of the snail predator Licinus depressus (Coleoptera, Carabidae)"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2672-4210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Baur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 D.","family":"Gilgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Coray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"103164_B1","first-page":"325","article-title":"The tribe Licinini (Coleoptera: Carabidae): A review of the genus-groups and of the species of selected genera.","volume":"100","author":"Ball","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the New York Entomological Society"},{"key":"103164_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00469.x"},{"key":"103164_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/5174"},{"key":"103164_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.1995.tb00332.x"},{"key":"103164_B5","first-page":"135","article-title":"Dispersal of the land snail Helicigona lapicida in an abandoned limestone quarry.","volume":"24","author":"Baur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malakologische Abhandlungen"},{"key":"103164_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2007.09.006"},{"key":"103164_B7","first-page":"171","article-title":"Food and feeding behaviour of some Licinus species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Licinini).","volume":"20","author":"Brandmayr","year":"1986","journal-title":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano New Series"},{"key":"103164_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.mollus.a065283"},{"key":"103164_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2317\/kent-88-02-151-162.1"},{"key":"103164_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01170.x"},{"key":"103164_B11","year":"2023"},{"key":"103164_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/35.2.204"},{"key":"103164_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z97-061"},{"key":"103164_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.1044.62293"},{"key":"103164_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591681"},{"key":"103164_B16","author":"Info","year":"2023"},{"key":"103164_B17","author":"Kerney","year":"1979","journal-title":"A Field Guide to the Land Snails of Britain and North-west Europe."},{"key":"103164_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33338\/ef.83880"},{"key":"103164_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.329"},{"key":"103164_B20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Die Fennoskandischen Carabidae. Eine tiergeographische Studie. III. Allgemeiner Teil.","volume":"122","author":"Lindroth","year":"1949","journal-title":"Meddelanden fr\u00e5n G\u00f6teborgs Musei Zoologiska Avdelning"},{"key":"103164_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004267503"},{"key":"103164_B22","first-page":"121","article-title":"Skalbaggar p\u00e5 \u00d6lands Stora alvar.","volume":"104","author":"Lundberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Entomologisk Tidskrift"},{"key":"103164_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/18759866-20191402"},{"key":"103164_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.142"},{"key":"103164_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00528.x"}],"container-title":["Alpine Entomology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alpineentomology.pensoft.net\/article\/103164\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alpineentomology.pensoft.net\/article\/103164\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alpineentomology.pensoft.net\/article_preview.php?id=103164&skip_redirect=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T06:50:17Z","timestamp":1688453417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alpineentomology.pensoft.net\/article\/103164\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/alpento.7.103164","relation":{},"ISSN":["2535-0889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2535-0889","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]}}}