{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"ARPHA Preprints"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:01:25Z","timestamp":1771844485911,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"group-title":"Research Ideas and Outcomes","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although biodiversity monitoring costs are widely cited as a constraint, there have been very few assessments of these costs and even fewer studies have assessed the potential benefits of this monitoring. Here, we synthesise available evidence, alongside a comprehensive assessment of the costs of proposed biodiversity monitoring to explore the relative costs, benefits risks and opportunities in biodiversity monitoring. We find that the costs of biodiversity monitoring, &amp;euro;0.5bn-&amp;euro;3.6bn\/year, are greatly outweighed by the combined economic benefits and opportunities arising from the availability of co-ordinated, high-quality data, which are estimated to be &gt;&amp;euro;25.2bn\/year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/arphapreprints.e173693","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T13:20:10Z","timestamp":1759324810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["D4.4 Business model for a European biodiversity observation network based on the outcomes of the cost-benefit analysis of different monitoring scheme option"],"prefix":"10.3897","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Breeze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7274-6755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W. Daniel","family":"Kissling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8442-1264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Lumbierres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4100-8012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joana","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOPOLIS-CIBIO\/InBIO, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Mor\u00e1n-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTFC Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia, Solsona, Girona, Lleida, Tarragona, & Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-1024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roy","family":"Van Grunsven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-5807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tim","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Tree","family":"Robionson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2045-980X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"McCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Jandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0666-9755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cesar","family":"Capinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGOT, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9316-540X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andres","family":"Marmol-Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Ecuador"},{"name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Ecuador"},{"name":"3Diversity, Quito, Ecuador"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Junker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iDiv \/ Martin Luther Universit\u00e4t Halle Wittemberg, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-5677","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pavel","family":"Stoev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8894-2044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camino","family":"Liquete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-1675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henrique M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iDiv \/ Martin Luther Universit\u00e4t Halle Wittemberg, Leipzig, Germany"}]}],"member":"2258","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/preprints.arphahub.com\/article\/173693\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T13:20:10Z","timestamp":1759324810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/preprints.arphahub.com\/article\/173693\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/arphapreprints.e173693","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}