{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:15:10Z","timestamp":1780470910837,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ankle joint is frequently involved in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but it is unclear whether this is predominantly due to synovitis, tenosynovitis, or both. We performed clinic-based ultrasound examination to assess the prevalence of synovitis and tenosynovitis in children with JIA felt clinically to have active inflammatory disease of the ankle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-four patients with 49 clinically swollen ankles were studied (19 polyarticular JIA, 13 oligoarticular JIA, 1 systemic JIA, 1 psoriatic JIA). All cases had at least one clinically swollen ankle joint. The children were assessed clinically and had ultrasound examination during routine clinic appointments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found 71% of ankles had tenosynovitis and 39% had tenosynovitis alone. Only 29% of swollen ankles had a tibiotalar effusion alone. We found 33% had both tenosynovitis and a tibiotalar effusion. When results were analyzed by JIA subtype, we found 81% of oligoarticular JIA ankles had medial ankle tenosynovitis but only 19% had tibiotalar effusion alone. There was a significant difference between JIA subgroups for the frequency of occurrence of medial ankle tenosynovitis (p = 0.048) and lateral ankle tenosynovitis (p = 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tibiotalar joint was not involved in 39% of the swollen ankles; and tenosynovitis, sometimes in isolation, was the dominant finding. This has implications for therapeutic intervention and also for an improved classification of children with JIA, especially with ankle involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T20:25:50Z","timestamp":1241209550000},"page":"1725-1729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Ankle Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Ultrasound Findings in Clinically Swollen Ankles"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"MADELEINE E.","family":"ROONEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CATHERINE","family":"McALLISTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAMES 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