{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:43:36Z","timestamp":1790981016775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the incidence, healthcare utilization, and costs in older adults with gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 5-year retrospective case-control study of patients with incident gout and matched controls was performed. Study variables were derived from health administrative data and included patient demographics, International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes, and healthcare cost information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 4,071 cases and 16,281 controls, providing a 5-year incidence of gout of 4.4%. The mean (\u00b1 SD) age (77 \u00b1 7.3 and 76 \u00b1 7.1 yrs) and the male:female ratio (1.0:1.04) were similar in both groups. Gout was diagnosed by family physicians (77%), nonrheumatology subspecialists (18%), general internists (4%), and rheumatologists (0.02%). Hospitalizations were significantly higher in cases (p &lt; 0.001) in the year of diagnosis. Patients with gout had an average of 28.1 physician visits per year compared to 20.6 for controls (p &lt; 0.0001). Drug utilization for the treatment (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, colchicine, corticosteroids) and prevention (allopurinol, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone) of gout was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001). The average healthcare cost differential was +$134 (Cdn) per month (p &lt; 0.001) and +$8,020 per case over 5 years. These costs were due to hospital utilization (64.4%), medications (23.1%), and physician visits (12.5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gout is associated with a high disease burden in older men and women. The cost is primarily attributable to hospitalization, probably due to the comorbidities associated with gout. As the majority of cases are managed by nonrheumatologists, it is important that guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gout are disseminated to and met by all physician groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,3]],"date-time":"2009-04-03T02:07:36Z","timestamp":1238724456000},"page":"822-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Gout in the Elderly \u2014 A Population Health Study"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"JOHN G.","family":"HANLY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRIS","family":"SKEDGEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"INGRID","family":"SKETRIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHARMAINE","family":"COOKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TINA","family":"LINEHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KARA","family":"THOMPSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SANDER VELDHUYZEN","family":"van ZANTEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.1","first-page":"1582","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia over 10 years among older adults in a managed care population","volume":"31","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Gout: epidemiology and lifestyle choices","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035700"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2008.14.2.164","article-title":"Disease-related and all-cause health care costs of elderly patients with gout","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.051649"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/152692480401400208","article-title":"Treating gout in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Baroletti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2006.03.003"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.8","first-page":"1799","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of gout","volume":"59","author":"Pittman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp030733"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.1.104"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh679"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.12","unstructured":"Metge Mas IS . The eight essential elements of an optimal medication-use system. In: MacKinnon NJ , editor. Safe and effective. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; 2007:117\u201358."},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.13","unstructured":"Consumer price index, health and personal care, Nova Scotia. [Internet. Accessed January 27, 2009] Available from: http:\/\/www40.statcan.ca\/l01\/cst01\/econ161d.htm"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000315)19:5<723::AID-SIM379>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-7-200510040-00009"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20102"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel071"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000162060.25895.a5"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22474"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00115-1"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370607","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of computerized databases for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Gabriel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1881::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/81.7.925"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2006.03.002"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem150"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00173.x"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050373"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.083071"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055251"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055269"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070755"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22767"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.078469"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.34","first-page":"1566","article-title":"Treatment of acute gout in hospitalized patients","volume":"34","author":"Petersel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909191189000_36.4.822.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21077"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.080768","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T23:18:28Z","timestamp":1633303108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.080768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.080768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.080768","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,13]]}}}