{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:48:45Z","timestamp":1761630525226},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test if <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> screening results differ among patients with inflammatory disease depending on whether the QuantiFeron TB-Gold test (QFT) or tuberculin skin test (TST) is used; and to evaluate if a possible difference is influenced by the presence of risk factors or immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interferon-\u03b3 response to <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> stimulation of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>-specific antigens was measured with QFT and results were compared with TST. Associations to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, risk factors, and immunosuppression were analyzed for both tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>QFT and TST results were available for 294\/302 and 241\/302 patients, respectively; 234 had results from both tests. Twenty-one (7%) tested positive with QFT and 45 (19%) with TST. A positive QFT was associated with risk factors for <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection: i.e., birth or upbringing in a TB-endemic area [risk ratio (RR) = 7.8, 95% CI 1.5\u201318.2, p &lt; 0.001], previous TB treatment (RR 4.7, 95% CI 1.6\u201313.5, p = 0.005), and any latent TB infection risk factor (RR 4.7, 95% CI 2.1\u201311.0, p = 0.0002). Treatment with corticosteroids increased the risk for an inconclusive QFT result (RR 4.2, 95% CI 1.6\u201310.7, p = 0.04) and decreased the risk for a positive TST result (RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1\u20131.0, p = 0.04). Agreement between the tests was low (kappa 0.2, 95% CI 0.02\u20130.3, p = 0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study documented a high degree of discordant positive QFT and TST results. A positive QFT was more closely associated with risk factors for <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection than the TST. The use of corticosteroids affected test outcome by increasing the risk for an inconclusive QFT result and decreasing the risk for a positive TST result.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T01:26:20Z","timestamp":1249089980000},"page":"1876-1884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Comparison of Screening Procedures for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Infection Among Patients with Inflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"BOLETTE","family":"SOBORG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MORTEN","family":"RUHWALD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MERETE LUND","family":"HETLAND","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00d8REN","family":"JACOBSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AASE BENGAARD","family":"ANDERSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NILS","family":"MILMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VIBEKE OSTERGAARD","family":"THOMSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DORTE VENDELBO","family":"JENSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANDERS","family":"KOCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JAN","family":"WOHLFAHRT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PERNILLE","family":"RAVN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0519-1"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383317"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20009"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410015222"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00545-0"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.9.4620"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01011-07"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei103"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.8.791"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.11","first-page":"1192","article-title":"False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria?","volume":"10","author":"Farhat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.968"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2002.004598"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.5.2.231"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.175.8.858","article-title":"Antituberculosis drugs and hepatotoxicity","volume":"175","author":"Yew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.029041"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00060-6"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. American Thoracic Society","volume":"49","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-007-1827-8"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.20","first-page":"15","article-title":"Guidelines for using the QuantiFeron-TB test for diagnosing latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"52","author":"Mazurek","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02742-2"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00006"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.6.981"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08408.x"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.26","first-page":"168","article-title":"Comparison of a flow-cytometric interferon gamma release assay with conventional screening for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection of patients with inflammatory arthropathies evaluated for treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha blocking DR","volume":"66","author":"Dinser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02050.x"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.28","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Usefulness of enzyme-linked immunospot assay (elispot) compared to tuberculin skin testing for latent tuberculosis screening in rheumatic patients scheduled for anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment","volume":"35","author":"Vassilopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.29","first-page":"770","article-title":"Comparison of an in vitro tuberculosis interferon-gamma assay with delayed-type hypersensitivity testing for detection of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a pilot study in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem351"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.31","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Det Nationale Tuberkulose Program. 2000","volume":"11","author":"Kok-Jensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.supplement_3.ats600"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540601148483"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp021045"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12950-9"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23015"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070789"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426434"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-56"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11137"},{"key":"2018112909211606000_36.9.1876.42","first-page":"527","article-title":"Development of tuberculosis after treatment with the TNF-alpha inhibitor infliximab [Danish]","volume":"167","author":"Dahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.081292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T17:36:36Z","timestamp":1543512996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.081292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.081292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.081292","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]]}}}