{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:05:25Z","timestamp":1785168325630,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether anti-tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) therapy can influence the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in inactive HBsAg carriers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical records of 103 patients [59 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 41 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 2 with juvenile RA, and 1 with psoriatic arthritis] who had been treated with anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy were reviewed retrospectively. Data on seropositivity of HBV, HBV load, and serum aminotransferases prior to and after initiation of anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy were obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight patients were inactive HBsAg carriers, and all of them had normal liver function and undetectable HBV load prior to anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy. Reactivation of hepatitis B occurred in 1 patient during the course of anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy. After the third infusion of infliximab 5 mg\/kg at Week 6, a blood test showed that the patient had normal liver function. When the patient returned for the fourth infusion of infliximab at Week 14, a blood test showed markedly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)\/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (457 and 1054 IU\/l, respectively) and increased viral DNA by HBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The fourth infliximab infusion was canceled, and entecavir 0.5 mg\/day was prescribed. Then AST\/ALT levels began to decrease and returned to normal range after 3 months. Followup HBV PCR showed negative results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found 1 HBV reactivation case among 8 inactive HBsAg carriers following anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy. This finding supports the prophylactic use of antiviral agents in HBV carriers, even if they have normal liver function or an undetectable viral load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]],"date-time":"2009-10-02T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1254448907000},"page":"2416-2420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Reactivation of Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Inactive HBsAg Carriers Following Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"SOO-JIN","family":"CHUNG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA KYUNG","family":"KIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MIN-CHAN","family":"PARK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YONG-BEOM","family":"PARK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SOO-KON","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909212398000_36.11.2416.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2287"},{"key":"2018112909212398000_36.11.2416.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel123"},{"key":"2018112909212398000_36.11.2416.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221805","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis. 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