{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:16:03Z","timestamp":1761894963158},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"Objective.<\/jats:title>To describe cases of development of pulmonary nodulosis or aseptic granulomatous lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods.<\/jats:title>A call for observation of such cases was sent to members of the French \u201cClub Rhumatismes et Inflammation.\u201d The cases had to occur after introduction of TNF-\u03b1-blocking therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results.<\/jats:title>Eleven cases were examined: 6 patients were treated with etanercept, 2 with infliximab, and 3 with adalimumab. Pulmonary nodular lesions were observed after a mean treatment period of 23.3 \u00b1 15.3 months. Clinical symptoms were observed in 5 cases. Radiographs or computed tomography of the chest showed single or multiple nodular lesions in 10 cases and hilar adenopathies in 1 case. Biopsy of the nodular chest lesions or mediastinal lymphadenopathies were performed in 8 patients, and revealed typical rheumatoid nodules in 4 cases and noncaseating granulomatous lesions in 4 cases. Mycobacterial or opportunistic infections were excluded for all cases. Outcome was favorable for all the patients, with either discontinuation or maintenance of anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>Aseptic pulmonary nodular inflammation corresponding to rheumatoid nodules or noncaseating granulomatous inflammation can occur during anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy for RA, mainly etanercept. The mechanism explaining such a reaction is not clear but certainly includes different processes. These cases of pulmonary nodular inflammation generally have a benign course and do not systematically require withdrawal of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]],"date-time":"2009-10-02T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1254448907000},"page":"2421-2427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Pulmonary Nodulosis and Aseptic Granulomatous Lung Disease Occurring in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1-Blocking Agent: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"ERIC","family":"TOUSSIROT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JEAN 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