{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1791236184533,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are dysregulated levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and their role in the disease is controversial. We analyzed the association of functional polymorphisms of IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 with susceptibility and disease characteristics at the time of diagnosis, and we also evaluated their possible use as predictors of clinical response to treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with recent-onset RA (n = 162) and healthy controls (n = 373) were genotyped for \u22121082 IL-10 and \u2212308 TNF-\u03b1 polymorphisms and data were related to clinical and immunological measurements of patients at the time of diagnosis. Response to treatment after 6 months was determined in 125 patients by the absolute change in Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and the American College of Rheumatology criteria for improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a reduced frequency of the low IL-10 producer genotype (\u22121082AA) in patients with RA compared to controls (26.5% vs 38.9%; p = 0.006), while it is a risk factor for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) positivity (p = 0.028). Evaluation of clinical response to treatments indicated that carriage of the high IL-10 genotype was associated with a favorable outcome (p = 0.009), specifically to prednisone therapy (p = 0.0003). No significant effects were observed with TNF-\u03b1 polymorphism alone; however, in combination with the IL-10 genotype, it increased the strength of these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results show an association between the low IL-10 producer genotype and protection from RA; nevertheless, when other specific genetic and\/or environmental factors trigger onset of RA, this genotype may predispose to development of anti-CCP+ RA disease with reduced response to prednisone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,16]],"date-time":"2010-01-16T01:54:45Z","timestamp":1263606885000},"page":"503-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Interleukin 10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Genotypes in Rheumatoid Arthritis \u2014 Association with Clinical Response to 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