{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:15:24Z","timestamp":1791288924454,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are relatively specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and predate disease. The oral pathogen<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>may play a role in breaking immune tolerance to citrullinated antigens. We studied a cohort of patients with RA and their relatives looking for associations between anti-<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>antibodies and ACPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with RA (n = 82) and their relatives (n = 205) from a North American Native (NAN) population were studied, along with 47 NAN and 60 non-NAN controls. IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) were tested by nephelometry and ELISA. Second-generation anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) isotypes and IgG anti-<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>lipopolysaccharides were tested by ELISA. HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by sequencing. Oral hygiene and smoking habits were assessed by questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoantibody frequency in patients with RA and relatives: ACPA 91% vs 19%, respectively; IgM RF 82% vs 17%; IgA RF 48% vs 22%. Anti-<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>levels were higher in patients with RA compared to relatives and controls (p = 0.005) and higher in ACPA-positive patients with RA than in ACPA-negative patients with RA (p = 0.04) and relatives (p &lt; 0.001), but comparable in RF-positive and RF-negative patients and relatives. Poor oral hygiene and smoking were prevalent, but with no clear association with autoantibodies. Relatives with 2 shared-epitope alleles were more likely to be ACPA-positive (OR 2.5, p = 0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a genetically predisposed population of NAN patients with RA and their relatives, anti-<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>antibodies were associated with ACPA. These findings suggest that immune responses to<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>may be involved in breaking immune tolerance to citrullinated antigens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,2]],"date-time":"2010-05-02T00:24:31Z","timestamp":1272759871000},"page":"1105-1112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Antibodies to<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>Are Associated with Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Relatives"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"CAROL A.","family":"HITCHON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FATIHA","family":"CHANDAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELIZABETH 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