{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:18:49Z","timestamp":1791418729853,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine serum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to test whether they correlate with objective measures of disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera from 116 patients with RA, 69 patients with non-RA rheumatic diseases, and 101 healthy controls were analyzed. Levels of soluble serum GPI were measured by ELISA. Histological disease activity was determined with the synovitis score in synovial needle biopsies from 58 of the 116 patients with RA. Thirty-one of the 58 synovium samples were stained for CD68, CD3, CD20, CD38, CD79a, and CD34 by immunohistochemistry. Demographic data were collected, as well as serological and clinical variables that indicate RA disease activity, for Spearman correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum GPI level correlated positively with the synovitis score (r = 0.278, p = 0.034). Significantly higher soluble GPI levels were detected in the RA sera compared with sera from healthy controls and the non-RA disease controls (2.25 \u00b1 2.82 vs 0.03 \u00b1 0.05 and 0.19 \u00b1 0.57 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively; p &lt; 0.0001). The rate of serum GPI positivity was significantly higher in the RA patients than in the non-RA disease controls (64.7% vs 10.1%; p &lt; 0.0001). Spearman analysis showed no significant correlation between serum GPI level and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints at baseline. After initiation of antirheumatic treatments, GPI levels decreased significantly (2.81 \u00b1 3.12 vs 1.44 \u00b1 2.09 \u03bcg\/ml; p = 0.016), paralleling improvement of the disease activity indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated serum GPI may be involved in the synovitis of RA and may prove useful as a serum marker for disease activity of RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,2]],"date-time":"2010-09-02T01:01:20Z","timestamp":1283389280000},"page":"2452-2461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Elevated Serum Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase Correlates with Histological Disease Activity and Clinical Improvement After Initiation of Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"LIE","family":"DAI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LANG-JING","family":"ZHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DONG-HUI","family":"ZHENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YING-QIAN","family":"MO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XIU-NING","family":"WEI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JIAN-HUA","family":"SU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FRANK","family":"PESSLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BAI-YU","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2224::AID-ART384>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Autoantigens and immune pathways in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Corrigall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0402-342"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar472"},{"issue":"Suppl 6A","key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90003-6","article-title":"The prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis: assessment of disease activity and disease severity in the clinic","volume":"103","author":"Wolfe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358155a0"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.7","first-page":"2960","article-title":"Tumor cell autocrine motility factor is the neuroleukin\/phosphohexose isomerase polypeptide","volume":"56","author":"Watanabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/332454a0"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/332455a0"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4502","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.11.4502.bloodjournal87114502","article-title":"The differentiation and maturation mediator for human myeloid leukemia cells shares homology with neuroleukin or phosphoglucose isomerase","volume":"87","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1732"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4503"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90696"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20028"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10898"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02552.x"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0502-411b","article-title":"Few human autoimmune sera detect GPI","volume":"3","author":"Kassahn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0502-411a","article-title":"Autoantibodies to GPI and creatine kinase in RA","volume":"3","author":"Schubert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg271"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2003.42","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against glucose 6-phosphate isomerase in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis using surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore)","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.08.105"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.23","unstructured":"Klippel JH Crofford LJC Stone JH Weyand CM . Primer on the rheumatic diseases. 12th ed. Atlanta: Arthritis Foundation; 2001."},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013383"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-005-0704-x"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-5710261"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02508.x"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slansky E Li J H\u00e4upl T Morawietz L Krenn V Pessler F . Quantitative determination of the diagnostic accuracy of the synovitis score and its components. Histopathology 2010; (in press).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03641.x"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.071670"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23006","article-title":"Patients with Gulf War veterans\u2019 illness and joint pain do not have histologic evidence of synovitis","volume":"57","author":"Diaz-Torne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res)"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400206"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748809098795"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199801000-00020"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)91106-S"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230203"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350102"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3020690"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3764429"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2803"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.1016"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81989-3"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80045-X"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(98)01335-8"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111604"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.46","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Cationic immune complex arthritis in mice \u2014 a new model: synergistic effect of complement and interleukin-1","volume":"140","author":"van Lent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370713"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182549099"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.6.2867","article-title":"DBA\/1 mice expressing the human TNF-a transgene develop a severe, erosive arthritis: characterization of the cytokine cascade and cellular composition","volume":"159","author":"Butler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23915"},{"key":"2018112909251485000_37.12.2452.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni772"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.100157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T01:52:48Z","timestamp":1711763568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.100157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.100157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.100157","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}}}