{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:57:28Z","timestamp":1791291448707,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine serum interleukin 9 (IL-9) levels and their clinical associations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum IL-9 levels were examined by ELISA in 71 patients with SSc, 15 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 15 with dermatomyositis (DM), 39 with atopic dermatitis, and 28 healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum IL-9 levels were significantly elevated in SSc patients (84.6 \u00b1 76.0 pg\/ml) compared with healthy individuals (40.4 \u00b1 41.7 pg\/ml; p &lt; 0.001), and patients with SLE (50.7 \u00b1 52.0 pg\/ml; p &lt; 0.05) or DM (50.6 \u00b1 55.8 pg\/ml; p &lt; 0.05) or atopic dermatitis (41.8 \u00b1 38.8 pg\/ml; p &lt; 0.001). Among SSc patients, there were no differences in serum IL-9 levels between those with limited cutaneous SSc and those with diffuse cutaneous SSc. Patients with SSc and raised IL-9 levels less often had pulmonary fibrosis and decreased percentage vital capacity than those with normal IL-9 levels. IL-9 levels were positively correlated with percentage vital capacity in patients with SSc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum IL-9 level was increased in patients with SSc, and was associated with lower frequency and severity of pulmonary fibrosis in SSc. IL-9 could be a protective factor against the development of pulmonary fibrosis in this disease, and as such would be a possible therapeutic target.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T22:17:02Z","timestamp":1312237022000},"page":"2193-2197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Serum Interleukin 9 Levels Are Increased in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Association with Lower Frequency and Severity of Pulmonary 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