{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T03:25:12Z","timestamp":1761967512133,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous work has suggested involvement of the muscle microvasculature in the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis (DM). Our study evaluates whether standard histochemical reactions can identify microvascular changes in muscle biopsies from patients with DM compared to myopathic and nonmyopathic controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle biopsies were obtained from 111 patients, including 45 patients with DM. Microvascular quantitation was performed on transversely oriented 1-\u03bcm toluidine blue-stained plastic sections. Histoenzymatic procedures included alkaline phosphatase (AP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (COX), and myosin ATPase reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Capillary density was significantly lower in DM muscle biopsies compared to biopsies from patients with noninflammatory myopathies (NIM; n = 26) and healthy control muscle (n = 27; mean \u00b1 SD: 252 \u00b1 114 vs 402 \u00b1 56 and 325 \u00b1 109 capillaries\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively; p values &lt; 0.05). In contrast, a marked increase in the number of capillaries staining with NADH-TR was noted in DM compared to other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM; n = 13), NIM, and controls (49.8 \u00b1 50.7 vs 8.0 \u00b1 7.1, 6.7 \u00b1 7.2, and 3.6 \u00b1 2.8 capillaries\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; p &lt; 0.05 compared to DM). DM capillaries also demonstrated mildly increased staining with AP compared to controls; however, no increased SDH or COX reactivity was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>DM muscle capillaries are highly reactive with NADH-TR compared to myopathic and nonmyopathic controls. The lack of staining of DM capillaries with mitochondrial SDH and COX reactions suggests that NADH-TR reactivity may be secondary to activation of the microvascular endoplasmic reticulum, rather than mitochondrial hyperplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,16]],"date-time":"2011-12-16T06:25:32Z","timestamp":1324016732000},"page":"94-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Tetrazolium Reductase Identifies Microvasculature Activation in Muscle from Adult Patients with Dermatomyositis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"CHRISTINA","family":"CHARLES-SCHOEMAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. ANTHONY","family":"VERITY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05157-0"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270402"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-3-2"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubowitz V Sewry CA . Muscle biopsy: A practical approach. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-2593-1.50006-1"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199210000-00001","article-title":"Clinical, immunopathologic, and therapeutic considerations of inflammatory myopathies","volume":"15","author":"Dalakas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.10.952","article-title":"The childhood type of dermatomyositis","volume":"26","author":"Carpenter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23884"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.936","article-title":"Necrotizing myopathy with pipestem capillaries, microvascular deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), and minimal cellular infiltration","volume":"41","author":"Emslie-Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.11","unstructured":"Pearse AGE . Histochemistry: theoretical and applied. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1980."},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000242903.41158.a1"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116122"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00139.x"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2479986"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.1.67"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197501000-00005","article-title":"Dermatomyostis of childhood, ultrastructural alterations of muscle and intramuscular blood vessels","volume":"34","author":"Banker","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.18","first-page":"159","article-title":"Polymyositis-dermatomyositis: Diagnostic and prognostic significance of muscle alkaline phosphatase","volume":"101","author":"Cros","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.15.1.73"},{"key":"2018112909272423000_39.1.94.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/195611a0"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.110739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:44:20Z","timestamp":1561077860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.110739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.110739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.110739","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0315-162X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1499-2752"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]}}}