{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:57:40Z","timestamp":1792159060539,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genes or gene products associated with coronary artery disease in the general population were analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with atherothrombotic manifestations (ATM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study of 681 individuals (498 women; 183 men) with RA (American College of Rheumatology criteria), a mean age of 60.6 \u00b1 13.2 years, and mean disease duration of 15.5 \u00b1 12.6 years who were consecutively recruited and followed for 6 years. The prevalence of ATM [i.e., myocardial infarction, angina pectoris with intervention, deep vein thrombosis\/pulmonary embolism (DVT\/PE), and\/or stroke\/transient ischemic attack (TIA)] was recorded. Polymorphisms were analyzed in the genes coding for growth differentiation factor 15 (<jats:italic>GDF15<\/jats:italic>)\/monocyte inhibitory cytokine-1 (<jats:italic>MIC-1<\/jats:italic>; rs1058587),<jats:italic>CD40<\/jats:italic>(rs1535045 and rs3765459), and the 9p21.3 locus (rs1333049). Controls were randomly selected (n = 687; matched for age and sex).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution of genotypes of<jats:italic>GDF15\/MIC-1<\/jats:italic>differed significantly between patients with RA and controls (chi-squared = 6.40, 2 df, p = 0.041). ATM were associated with polymorphism of the<jats:italic>GDF15\/MIC-1<\/jats:italic>G allele (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.17\u20134.18), and with CC genotype of the 9p21.3 locus (rs1333049; OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15\u20133.19). Stroke\/TIA in women was associated with<jats:italic>GDF15\/MIC-1<\/jats:italic>GG genotype (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.06\u201313.33), while stroke\/TIA in men was associated with<jats:italic>CD40<\/jats:italic>homozygous major alleles (OR 6.48, 95% CI 1.31\u201332.0 and OR 2.78, 95% CI 0.78\u20139.91, respectively). DVT\/PE was associated with polymorphism in the<jats:italic>GDF15\/MIC-1<\/jats:italic>gene (rs1058587) minor allele (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.30\u20139.58).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gene polymorphisms analyzed were associated with different ATM in RA. The<jats:italic>GDF15\/MIC-1<\/jats:italic>gene polymorphism was also associated with RA<jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>, suggesting a common etiology for RA and ATM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,16]],"date-time":"2012-04-16T00:13:42Z","timestamp":1334535222000},"page":"939-945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Polymorphisms of the Genes Encoding<i>CD40<\/i>and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and in the 9p21.3 Region in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"LISBETH","family":"\u00c4RLESTIG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SOLBRITT","family":"RANTAP\u00c4\u00c4-DAHLQVIST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909274936000_39.5.939.1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden","volume":"24","author":"Wallberg-Jonsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909274936000_39.5.939.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000054612.26458.B2"},{"key":"2018112909274936000_39.5.939.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20853"},{"key":"2018112909274936000_39.5.939.4","first-page":"2562","article-title":"Extent of inflammation predicts cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. 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