{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:29:54Z","timestamp":1787992194240,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), an adhesion molecule, is involved in the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin superfamily, has been shown to rise in both acute and chronic kidney damage. Both VCAM-1 and NGAL have been found at high levels in the urine of patients with active lupus nephritis. We investigated both as potential biomarkers for lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>VCAM-1 and NGAL were measured by ELISA during 1 to 8 clinic visits in 107 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 91% women, 51% black, 36% white, 4% Asian, 4% Hispanic, and 5% others) for a total of 190 visits. Patients\u2019 mean age was 41 years. We analyzed the relationship between these potential urine biomarkers and the urine protein\/creatinine ratio (urine Pr\/Cr), the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) renal activity score, SLE Disease Activity Index renal descriptors, and other clinical variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>VCAM-1 levels were strongly associated with the physician\u2019s global estimate of disease activity (p = 0.0002), the renal visual analog scale (p &lt; 0.0001), the urine Pr\/Cr (p &lt; 0.0001), and SLICC renal activity score (p &lt; 0.0001). VCAM-1 levels were also associated with a urine Pr\/Cr \u2265 0.5 (p &lt; 0.0001). NGAL was not associated with any measure of disease activity or with lupus serologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urine VCAM-1 had a strong association with measures of disease activity, including multiple renal activity descriptors. In contrast to previous SLE studies, NGAL failed to show any association with lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,16]],"date-time":"2012-04-16T00:13:42Z","timestamp":1334535222000},"page":"1231-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Urinary Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule, But Not Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin, Is Associated with Lupus Nephritis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"ADNAN N.","family":"KIANI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TIANFU","family":"WU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HONG","family":"FANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XIN 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