{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:20:06Z","timestamp":1788387606618,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether macrophage targeting by (R)-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) can visualize subclinical joint inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without clinical arthritis during or after treatment, with flare as clinical outcome measure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>(R)-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-PK11195 PET and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hands\/wrists were performed in 29 patients with RA without clinical arthritis. (R)-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-PK11195 PET uptake (semiquantitative score 0\u20133) in metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and wrist joints (i.e., 22 joints per patient) was scored and summed to obtain a cumulative PET score (range 0\u201366). Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring (RAMRIS) was performed on similar joints. Synovitis and bone marrow edema scores (&gt; 1) were summed to obtain a cumulative MRI score (range 0\u2013288). Occurrence of flare was determined during 3-year followup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flare was observed in 17\/29 patients (59%). (R)-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-PK11195 PET showed enhanced tracer uptake in 16\/29 patients (55%), of which 11 (69%) developed a flare. Highest cumulative PET scores (&gt; 6, n = 3) corresponded with highest cumulative MRI scores (&gt; 39) and were related to development of flare in hands\/wrists within 6 months. Cumulative PET scores of patients developing a flare were higher than those of patients without a flare [median (interquartile range) 2 (0\u20134.5) vs 0 (0\u20131), p &lt; 0.05]. In contrast, no significant differences were found between cumulative MRI scores of patients with and without a flare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>(R)-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-PK11195 PET showed enhanced uptake, pointing to presence of subclinical synovitis in over half of patients without clinical arthritis. (R)-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-PK11195 PET may be of value for prediction of exacerbation of RA, since cumulative PET scores &gt; 1 were associated with development of flare within 3 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T07:42:40Z","timestamp":1412235760000},"page":"2145-2152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Detection of Subclinical Synovitis with Macrophage Targeting and Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis without Clinical Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Yoony Y.J.","family":"Gent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre E.","family":"Voskuyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikie","family":"Hoetjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis","family":"van Kuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Britsemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franktien","family":"Turkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Boers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto S.","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conny J.","family":"van der Laken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123919"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30129"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24392"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11481"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.057497"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.10.895"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30655"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22190"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23945"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.3.156"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110421"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10747"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4132"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200548"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06031.x"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.076711"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(02)00107-4"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.06.005"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-67"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.06.013"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23955"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.22","first-page":"579","article-title":"Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists","volume":"20","author":"van der Heijde","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/5\/019"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0987-7"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.892644"},{"key":"2018112909335647000_41.11.2145.26","first-page":"1385","article-title":"OMERACT Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. 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