{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:23:30Z","timestamp":1790234610952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking contributes to progression of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Because smoking is also a risk factor for incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis, our aim was to test whether smoking habits are associated with incident AS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from the HUNT health study of the entire adult population of Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway, participants in HUNT2 (1995\u20131997) and HUNT3 (2006\u20132008) were identified who reported a diagnosis of AS in HUNT3 but not in HUNT2 (n = 107). Incident AS cases were compared with AS-unaffected individuals (n = 35,278) in a case-control design. Participants with RA were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Present smoking was significantly associated with incident self-reported AS in logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.28\u20133.11, p = 0.002). Previous smoking (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.66\u20132.02, p = 0.62) or total pack-years at HUNT2 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.04, p = 0.21) were not significant. The association with present smoking remained significant in various sensitivity analyses: including only cases with high probability of true AS diagnosis (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.03\u20133.19, p = 0.04); including only cases with AS reported more than 3\u20135 years after HUNT2 (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.09\u20135.03, p = 0.029), or including only participants genotyped for <jats:italic>HLA-B27<\/jats:italic> (94 cases and 859 controls) adjusting for genotype (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.85, p = 0.033). Hypertension was also significantly associated with incident AS (OR from 1.65 to 2.81).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the HUNT population-based study, incident AS was associated with current smoking and hypertension. If verified in further studies, this suggests that smoking should be discouraged in those at a higher AS risk, e.g., with a family history or carrying <jats:italic>HLA-B27<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,16]],"date-time":"2014-08-16T00:29:20Z","timestamp":1408148960000},"page":"2041-2048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Current Smoking is Associated with Incident Ankylosing Spondylitis \u2014 The HUNT Population-based Norwegian Health Study"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Videm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjeny","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.1","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Predictors of the progression of functional disability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110641"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200180"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-203148"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.13.35"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040326"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3857"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.134"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200416"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.147793"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.073932"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3502"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.13","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study 1995-97 (HUNT2): Objectives, contents, methods and participation","volume":"13","author":"Holmen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Norsk Epidemiologi"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2667"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0351-1"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<58::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20990"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.152975"},{"key":"2018112909333024000_41.10.2041.19","unstructured":"Norwegian University of Science . 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