{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:41:56Z","timestamp":1789123316747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with low muscle mass and density. The objective of our study was to evaluate associations between 2 serum biomarkers [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin] and skeletal muscle in RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI; kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and total fat mass index (kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), as well as the peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures of the lower leg muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA; cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and muscle density (an index of fat infiltration) were obtained from 50 participants with RA, ages 18\u201370 years. Multivariable linear regression analyses evaluated associations between body composition and levels of adiponectin and IGF-1, adjusted for age, sex, and adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater age was associated with higher adiponectin (p = 0.06) and lower IGF-1 (p = 0.004). Eight subjects had IGF-1 levels below the reference range for their age and sex. These subjects had significantly lower ALMI and muscle CSA in multivariable models. Lower IGF-1 levels were associated with greater clinical disease activity and severity, as well as low ALMI, muscle CSA, and muscle density (defined as 1 SD below normative mean). After adjusting for age and sex, greater adiponectin levels were associated with lower BMI (p = 0.02) as well as lower ALMI, and lower muscle CSA, independent of adiposity (p &lt; 0.05). Only greater Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were significantly associated with lower adiponectin levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low IGF-1 and greater adiponectin levels are associated with lower muscle mass in RA. Lower IGF-1 levels were seen in subjects with greater disease activity and severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T01:23:46Z","timestamp":1441157026000},"page":"2038-2045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Adiponectin and Associations with Muscle Deficits, Disease Characteristics, and Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Marie","family":"Von Feldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sogol","family":"Mostoufi-Moab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woojin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Taratuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22328"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00237-1"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0431"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.03.004"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2741\/e372","article-title":"The effect of exercise on IGF-I on muscle fibers and satellite cells","volume":"4","author":"Shefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2271"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.001","article-title":"Role of the growth hormone\/insulin-like growth factor-1 paracrine axis in rheumatic diseases","volume":"35","author":"Denko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.8","first-page":"29","article-title":"Association between insulin-like growth factor status and physical activity levels in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Lemmey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740802055984"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc1002.105187"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24891"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0559-4"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30449"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150813"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.044"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.04.015"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.060319"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.12.003"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20549"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2007.09.005"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007038"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22396"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.347"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.053611"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23719"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34464"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.11.011"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.28","first-page":"115","article-title":"Influence of HCV infection on insulin-like growth factor 1 and proinflammatory cytokines: association with risk for growth hormone resistance development","volume":"16","author":"Helaly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Egypt J Immunol"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70180-3"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3169"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.040816"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.32","first-page":"447","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can paradoxically increase on etanercept treatment, occasionally contributing to TNF-mediated disease","volume":"34","author":"Bhatia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24789"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.11.035"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2009.00587.x"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42655"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021215"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031260"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm033"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.09.011"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.530972"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4468"},{"key":"2018112909345959000_42.11.2038.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-6-49"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.150280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T18:56:16Z","timestamp":1543517776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.150280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.150280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.150280","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}