{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:02:52Z","timestamp":1784602972019,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a need for a cognitive function screening test that can be administered to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in clinic. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in SLE by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), in relation to the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test\u2013Revised (HVLT-R), and Perceived Deficits Questionnaire 5-Item (PDQ-5); and (2) associated factors with CI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients followed at a single center were recruited. HVLT-R, MoCA, and MMSE were administered. Sensitivity\/specificity, positive (PPV)\/negative (NPV) predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of MoCA\/MMSE were determined (compared to HVLT-R). A test on intellectual ability and questionnaires on anxiety, depression, and perceived cognitive deficits were completed. Regression analyses determined associations with CI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 98 patients, 48% had CI using MoCA and 31% using HVLT-R. Sensitivity was higher for MoCA (73%) compared to MMSE (27%), though MMSE was more specific (90%) than MoCA (63%). PPV and LR+ were similar in MoCA and MMSE (PPV: 47%, 53%; LR+: 2.0, 2.6, respectively), but NPV was higher in MoCA (84%) than MMSE (74%). PDQ-5 predicted objective CI (HVLT-R: sensitivity 100%, specificity 89%). Although CI was associated with depression in univariate analyses, it did not hold in the multivariate analysis, while longer SLE disease duration and more years of education remained significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>CI is highly prevalent and MoCA may be a useful tool to screen for CI in SLE. Patients with more years of education were less likely to have CI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]],"date-time":"2017-09-02T00:20:38Z","timestamp":1504311638000},"page":"1583-1589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Performance of Screening Tests for Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Stephanie G.","family":"Nantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashneet","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Colosimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahi","family":"Touma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.496"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.2","first-page":"562","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"19","author":"Hanly","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.001"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8.1214"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.5","first-page":"1038","article-title":"The relationship between neuropsychiatric, clinical, and laboratory variables and quality of life of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"35","author":"Tam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23090"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24346"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400825"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050583"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.4.411"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.11","first-page":"34","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-negative systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) versus aPL-positive non-SLE patients","volume":"32","author":"Kozora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<41::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350711"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111504"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20692"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21566"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311405374"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1304_2"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fc29c9"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23181"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.08.051"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.23","first-page":"99","article-title":"A survey of multiple sclerosis: Part I. Perceived cognitive problems and compensatory strategy use","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Rehabil"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310382430"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.27","first-page":"288","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"Gladman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.12.1.43"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.30","unstructured":"Reynolds CR Kamphaus RW . Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2003."},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988713484194"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.33","unstructured":"Brandt J Benedict RH . Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2001."},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.34","unstructured":"Folstein MF Folstein SE White T Messer MA . Mini-Mental State Examination. 2nd ed. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2001."},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.35","unstructured":"The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) . [Internet. Accessed July 26, 2017.] Available from: www.mocatest.org"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23991"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100560"},{"key":"2018112909373342000_44.11.1583.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353443"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.161125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T19:20:55Z","timestamp":1543519255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.161125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.161125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.161125","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}}}