{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:24:30Z","timestamp":1790144670198,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the incidence of gout over the last 20 years and to evaluate possible changes in associated comorbid conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical records were reviewed of all adults with a diagnosis of incident gout in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, during 2 time periods (January 1, 1989\u2013December 31, 1992, and January 1, 2009\u2013December 31, 2010). Incident cases had to fulfill at least 1 of 3 criteria: the American Rheumatism Association 1977 preliminary criteria for gout, the Rome criteria, or the New York criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 158 patients with new-onset gout were identified during 1989\u20131992 and 271 patients during 2009\u20132010, yielding age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of 66.6\/100,000 (95% CI 55.9\u201377.4) in 1989\u20131992 and 136.7\/100,000 (95% CI 120.4\u2013153.1) in 2009\u20132010. The incidence rate ratio was 2.62 (95% CI 1.80\u20133.83). At the time of their first gout flare, patients diagnosed with gout in 2009\u20132010 had higher prevalence of comorbid conditions compared with 1989\u20131992, including hypertension (69% vs 54%), diabetes mellitus (25% vs 6%), renal disease (28% vs 11%), hyperlipidemia (61% vs 21%), and morbid obesity (body mass index \u2265 35 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 29% vs 10%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of gout has more than doubled over the recent 20 years. This increase together with the more frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions and cardiovascular risk factors represents a significant public health challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,16]],"date-time":"2017-12-16T01:20:44Z","timestamp":1513387244000},"page":"574-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["The Rising Incidence of Gout and the Increasing Burden of Comorbidities: A Population-based Study over 20 Years"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Mohanad M.","family":"Elfishawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Zleik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Kvrgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Clement J.","family":"Michet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia S.","family":"Crowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Matteson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Bongartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20232","article-title":"High prevalence of gouty arthritis among the Hmong population in Minnesota","volume":"62","author":"Portis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.4","first-page":"2403","article-title":"Epidemiology of gout: is the incidence rising?","volume":"29","author":"Arromdee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.5","first-page":"1582","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia over 10 years among older adults in a managed care population","volume":"31","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204647"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.11.018","article-title":"Incident gout in women and association with obesity in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"125","author":"Maynard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27338"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283438e13","article-title":"Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq482"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320"},{"key":"2018112909382941000_45.4.574.12","unstructured":"Kellgren JH Jeffrey MR Ball J . 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