{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:29:37Z","timestamp":1791383377604,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraarticular corticosteroid (IAC) injections are often used to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). One potential complication of IA therapy is heterotopic bone formation (HBF). The purpose of our study was to evaluate risk factors for HBF development in children with JIA who received IA therapy for TMJ arthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study of children with JIA who had received \u2265 1 IAC injection into the TMJ. Survival regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the development of HBF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 238 children included, of whom 33 (14%) developed HBF. No cases of HBF were diagnosed prior to the initial injection. Univariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for development of HBF were the total number of injections received into the TMJ and age at diagnosis of JIA, while the length of time from diagnosis of JIA to the first injection was inversely associated with the risk of HBF formation. The total number of injections was no longer significant following adjusted survival models. Children with HBF had increased physical examination evidence of acute or chronic changes, namely decreased maximal incisal opening and increased likelihood of jaw deviation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>HBF within the TMJ is relatively common in patients with JIA receiving IAC injections for TMJ arthritis. Future prospective studies are required to delineate the risks posed by the injections themselves as opposed to the underlying disease activity, as well as to evaluate alternative forms of local therapy to the TMJ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T11:30:33Z","timestamp":1526383833000},"page":"1301-1307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Risk Factors for Intraarticular Heterotopic Bone Formation in the Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Stoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathlyn K.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine H.","family":"Poholek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel H.","family":"Strait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Aban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Beukelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy Q.","family":"Cron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Waite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260504"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23401"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.12.058"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100325"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-43","article-title":"Temporomandibular condylar alterations in juvenile idiopathic arthritis most common in longitudinally severe disease despite medical treatment","volume":"12","author":"Cedstromer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111441"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-7-11"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/13.6.423"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748209098105","article-title":"The temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographic changes related to clinical and laboratory parameters in 100 children","volume":"11","author":"Larheim","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21384"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0107-1"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker441"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.11.003"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.06.189"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-015-0060-6","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint steroid injections in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an observational pilot study on the long-term effect on signs and symptoms","volume":"13","author":"Stoustrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24987"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.17","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Intraarticular corticosteroid injections of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Ringold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.11.003"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.97","article-title":"Therapy. Intra-articular steroids for TMJ arthritis\u2014caution needed","volume":"11","author":"Stoustrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101198"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.21","first-page":"2696","article-title":"A subgroup-specific evaluation of the efficacy of intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide in juvenile chronic arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Breit","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.22","first-page":"413","article-title":"Complications of intra-articular injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide in chronic arthritis in children","volume":"8","author":"Job-Deslandre","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330608","article-title":"Radiographic followup of joints injected with triamcinolone hexacetonide for the management of childhood arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Sparling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000240360.24465.4c"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141502"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150308"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.27","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes318"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.29","first-page":"1668","article-title":"A prospective study of magnetic resonance and radiographic imaging in relation to symptoms and clinical findings of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.30","first-page":"1956","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint and mandibular growth alterations in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Ronchezel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.3.6494459","article-title":"Periarticular calcifications in association with intra-articular corticosteroid injections","volume":"153","author":"Dalinka","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.03.018","article-title":"A cohort study of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: outcome of arthrocentesis with and without the use of steroids","volume":"43","author":"Olsen-Bergem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2018112909385987000_45.9.1301.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20600","article-title":"Effectiveness of dexamethasone iontophoresis for temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Mina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.171306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T19:29:53Z","timestamp":1543519793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.171306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.171306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.171306","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]}}}