{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:38:15Z","timestamp":1792427895376,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the role that infections play on the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study of adult patients with AAV diagnosed in a tertiary center. Clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment, relapses, major infections, and outcome were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Included were 132 patients [51 microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 52 granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 29 eosinophilic GPA (EGPA)] with a mean followup of 140 (96\u2013228) months. ANCA were positive in 85% of cases. A total of 300 major infections, mainly bacterial (85%), occurred in 60% patients during the followup. Lower respiratory tract (64%) and urinary tract infections (11%) were the most frequent, followed by bacteremia (10%). A total of 7.3% opportunistic infections were observed, most due to systemic mycosis. Up to 46% of all opportunistic infections took place in the first year of diagnosis, and 55% of them under cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment. Bacterial infections were associated with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (version 3) &gt; 15 at the disease onset, a total cumulative CYC dose &gt; 8.65 g, dialysis, and development of leukopenia during the followup. Leukopenia was the only factor independently related to opportunistic infections. Forty-four patients died, half from infection. Patients who had major infections had an increased mortality from any cause.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results confirm that major infections are the main cause of death in patients with AAV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T12:24:15Z","timestamp":1560601455000},"page":"407-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Major Infections in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013associated Vasculitis: Influence on the Disease Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7947-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloi","family":"Garcia-Vives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Segarra-Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Martinez-Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Agraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Solans-Laque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69114-9"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-1-76"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kallenberg CG . The diagnosis and classification of microscopic polyangiitis. J Autoimmun 2014;48\u201349:90\u20133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.023"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.5","first-page":"277","article-title":"Allergic granulomatosis, allergic angiitis, and periarteritis nodosa","volume":"27","author":"Churg","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs428"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfq145"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.137778"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131426"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109389"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.11","first-page":"671","article-title":"Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis","volume":"87","author":"Luqmani","year":"1994","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.101279"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199601000-00003"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318205a4c6"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5713"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200104)44:4<912::AID-ANR148>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.6.585"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37721"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20082"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088302"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6083","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006083","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of Spanish patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides: impact of the vasculitis type, ANCA specificity, and treatment on mortality and morbidity","volume":"96","author":"Solans-Laqu\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0441-9"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2151-0"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh522"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.26","first-page":"615","article-title":"Increased risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"11","author":"Jarrousse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401213"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160909"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00025-8"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00279.x"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.31","first-page":"396","article-title":"Age-related variations in presentation and outcome in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"31","author":"Vassallo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Lond"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.5.492"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.5.572"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker112"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1021::AID-ANR10>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/03009740903140701","article-title":"Survival of patients with Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis diagnosed in Finland in 1981\u20132000","volume":"39","author":"Takala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.02060.x"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39614","article-title":"Trends in long-term outcomes among patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal disease","volume":"68","author":"Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.071936"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(66)90214-2"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24957"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00003"},{"key":"2020030109251114000_47.3.407.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10444"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.190065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T12:27:12Z","timestamp":1583065632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.190065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.190065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.190065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]}}}