{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:21:24Z","timestamp":1777062084470,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a consensus-based, standardized, short (&lt; 3 min) clinical examination protocol to assess the multidimensional, orofacial manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted by a multidisciplinary task force from the Temporomandibular Joint Juvenile Arthritis Working Group (TMJaw). The study used an acknowledged sequential approach involving (1) a global multidisciplinary online questionnaire study, (2) a systematic literature review and consensus meetings to identify items for inclusion, (3) pilot testing of included items, (4) test of reliability in 22 subjects with JIA by 4 examiners, (5) test of construct validity in a case-control study involving 167 subjects, and (6) establishment of final recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six items were recommended for the final examination protocol: (1) clinician-assessed pain location, (2) temporomandibular (TMJ) joint pain on palpation (open and closed mouth), (3) mandibular deviation at maximal mouth opening (\u2265 3 mm), (4) maximal unassisted mouth opening capacity, (5) frontal facial symmetry, and (6) facial profile. All recommended items showed acceptable reliability and construct validity. The average mean examination time was 2 min and 42 s (SD \u00b1 38.5 s).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A consensus-based, short clinical examination protocol was developed. The protocol takes less than 3 min to complete and provides information about orofacial symptoms, TMJ dysfunction, and dentofacial deformity. The standardized examination protocol is applicable to routine clinical care, as well as future research studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T06:53:51Z","timestamp":1575269631000},"page":"1397-1404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Standardizing the Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: An Interdisciplinary, Consensus-based, Short Screening 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