{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:24:43Z","timestamp":1791548683830,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a systematic review of depression and anxiety among patients with gout that specifically evaluates the prevalence, incidence, determinants, and effects of these mental health comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and PsycINFO using indexed terms and key words to identify studies reporting on depression\/anxiety in patients with gout. This review included full-text articles published in English that reported on patients with gout, evaluated depression\/anxiety using a routinely reported measure, and provided estimates or sufficient data on the prevalence, incidence, determinants, or effects of depression\/anxiety. Metaanalyses were conducted using random effects models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty of 901 articles identified through the search strategy met our inclusion criteria. All 20 studies evaluated depression, while only 10 assessed anxiety (50%). Metaanalyses suggest a positive association between mental health disorders and gout, as resultant pooled OR were 1.29 (95% CI 1.07\u20131.56) for depression and 1.29 (95% CI 0.96\u20131.73) for anxiety. Findings from four studies reporting on the incidence of depression in patients with gout resulted in a pooled HR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.01\u20131.36). Significant determinants of depression included number of tophi, frequency of flares, and oligo\/polyarticular gout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our systematic review suggests that depression and anxiety are significantly associated with gout, highlighting the need for future research to focus on the onset of mental disorders after gout diagnosis. We also identify potential targets for intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T12:19:20Z","timestamp":1583065160000},"page":"129-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Epidemiology of Depression and Anxiety in Gout: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Howren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Bowie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyon K.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharan K.","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-2683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary A.","family":"De Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204463"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.006","article-title":"The rising prevalence and incidence of gout in British Columbia, Canada: population-based trends from 2000 to 2012","volume":"46","author":"Rai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.91"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22336"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key096","article-title":"Comorbidity clusters in people with gout: An observational cohort study with linked medical record review","volume":"57","author":"Bevis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21773"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206410"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep364"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket169"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1234-1"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1011-1","article-title":"Are depression and anxiety associated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis? A prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Matcham","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211284"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.16","first-page":"904","article-title":"Major depressive episodes are associated with poor concordance with therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: The impact on disease outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Cabrera-Marroqu\u00edn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312447868"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4789","article-title":"Association of gout and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.01.015"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.20","unstructured":"Wells GA , Shea B , O\u2019Connell D , Peterson J , Welch V , Losos M , The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2014 [Internet. Accessed August 24, 2020.] Available from: www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-154"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2017.1378819","article-title":"Depression and anxiety correlate with disease-related characteristics and quality of life in Chinese patients with gout: A case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1787-7","article-title":"Associated factors with functional disability and health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with gout: A case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2401","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002401","article-title":"High risk of depressive disorders in patients with gout: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Changchien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141105"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.06.001","article-title":"Gout is associated with organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction","volume":"26","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1022215","article-title":"Gout, anxiety, and depression in primary care: a matched retrospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Prior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key155","article-title":"Medication adherence among gout patients initiated allopurinol: a retrospective cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)","volume":"57","author":"Scheepers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.067","article-title":"Gout and the risk of incident depression in older adults","volume":"270","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-019-0043-x","article-title":"The association between gout and cardiovascular disease in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"1","author":"W\u00e4ndell","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000166"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4919","article-title":"Depression and its comorbid conditions more serious in women than in men in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0834-y","article-title":"Depression and its correlation with in patients pain in the rheumatology service of a Mexican teaching hospital","volume":"29","author":"Kobayashi-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1651-8"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.10.008","article-title":"Gout characteristics associate with depression, but not anxiety, in primary care: Baseline findings from a prospective cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Prior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(10)60062-9"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3746-x","article-title":"The rate of adherence to urate-lowering therapy and associated factors in chinese gout patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S193114","article-title":"Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression in patients with gout","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.12.60"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.12.005","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in gout in primary care: Baseline findings from a cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Chandratre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10416"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20251"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150205"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.116.054270","article-title":"Are men under-treated and women over-treated with antidepressants? Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden","volume":"41","author":"Thunander Sundbom","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJPsych Bull"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2013.510212","article-title":"Gender differences in mental health service utilization among respondents reporting depression in a national health survey","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.47","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. 2017 [Internet. Accessed September 3, 2020.] Available from: www.who.int\/mental_health\/management\/depression\/prevalence_global_health_estimates\/en"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-010-0154-6","article-title":"Quality of care in patients with gout: why is management suboptimal and what can be done about it?","volume":"13","author":"Edwards","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22767"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-2081-6"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-14-170"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.07.015","article-title":"Increased incidence of psychiatric disorders in immune-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"101","author":"Marrie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2022062114101680000_48.1.129.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23347"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.190974","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T17:10:55Z","timestamp":1655831455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.190974"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.190974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.190974","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}}}