{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:30:02Z","timestamp":1776933002576,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gout is reportedly associated with a higher incidence of cancer. However, patients with gout tend to have several cancer-related factors including obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption; thus, the precise association between gout and cancer risk remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the risk of cancer in Korean patients with gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the Korea Health Insurance Service database, the subjects comprised patients aged 41\u201355 years with gout newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2007. We used a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model in gout patients and a 1:2 ratio for the matched controls by age, sex, and index year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared 4176 patients with gout with 8352 controls. The mean age and follow-up duration were 48.8 years and 10.1 years in both groups. Overall cancer risk was significantly different between gout patients and controls (HR 1.224, 95% CI 1.073\u20131.398). The all-cause mortality (HR 1.457, 95% CI 1.149\u20131.847) and cancer mortality (HR 1.470, 95% CI 1.020\u20132.136) were higher in patients with gout. In the subgroup analysis, the cancer risks of the stomach (HR 1.710, 95% CI 1.221\u20132.395), head and neck (HR 1.850, 95% CI 1.071\u20133.196), and hematologic or lymphoid organ (HR 2.849, 95% CI 1.035\u20137.844) were higher in patients with gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients aged 41\u201355 years with gout have a higher risk of cancer and all-cause and cancer mortality compared with the general population. Therefore, special attention should be paid to higher cancer risk and mortality in these patients who are diagnosed in middle age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]],"date-time":"2020-11-15T17:20:26Z","timestamp":1605460826000},"page":"1465-1471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk of Cancer in Middle-aged Patients With Gout: A Nationwide Population-based Study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jung Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jisun","family":"Myung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seokchan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Keun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Seon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8029-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Gil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00346-9"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14364","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28138","article-title":"Hyperuricemia and gout are associated with cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis based on cohort studies","volume":"234","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e328313631a"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.09.011"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2013.878387","article-title":"Gout patients have an increased risk of developing most cancers, especially urological cancers","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04520-6","article-title":"Crystal-proven gout patients have an increased mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases especially when having tophi and\/or high serum uric acid levels: a prospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Disveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2001-1326-1-16","article-title":"Contribution of uric acid to cancer risk, recurrence, and mortality","volume":"1","author":"Fini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205827"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0593-6","article-title":"Visceral fat obesity is highly associated with primary gout in a metabolically obese but normal weighted population: a case control study","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076232"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16000-5"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.12","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Community based epidemiological study on hyperuricemia and gout in Kin-Hu, Kinmen","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.10.029"},{"key":"2022062114102629000_48.9.1465.14","first-page":"651","article-title":"Gout is associated with an increased risk of cancer - 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