{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T14:34:45Z","timestamp":1775054085945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The efficacy of nucleic acid\u2013based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 varies across individuals, partly due to genetic factors influencing neutralizing antibody production. In patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs), this response may be further altered by immune dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with postvaccination anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and to assess whether these associations differ between patients with SAD and healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 165 participants (138 with SADs, 27 healthy controls), all of whom received nucleic acid\u2013based vaccines. Antibody levels targeting the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid were measured between 1 and 12 months after vaccination. GWAS results were metaanalyzed with data from a previously published GWAS with 1076 healthy individuals. We identified a novel association near\n                      <jats:italic>RACGAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (rs706785; \u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>meta<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.30,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>meta<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 3.85 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and replicated a known association at HLA-DRB1 position 71 (\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>meta<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.23,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>meta<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.94 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). No significant interactions were observed between genotype and disease status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights both MHC and non-MHC genetic contributions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses and suggests these effects are consistent across patients with SADs and healthy individuals, supporting standard vaccination strategies for individuals with systemic autoimmune conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2025-0770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:05:14Z","timestamp":1770033914000},"page":"456-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Loci for Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Diseases and Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kwangwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dillon","family":"Claybaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Patino-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yenealem","family":"Temesgen-Oyelakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Poncio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Fike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanira","family":"Ruiz-Perdomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Onyechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Pelayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Sully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Volochayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Porche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura B.","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerai","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarthak","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Mirabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibha","family":"Vij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin A.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Schiffenbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iago","family":"Pinal-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Mammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather R.","family":"Kalish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meryl A.","family":"Waldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Hasni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Chanock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana J.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn1755"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591&ndash;021&ndash;01540-1"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.12.005"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02078-6","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen alleles associate with COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and risk of breakthrough infection","volume":"29","author":"Mentzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.032","article-title":"Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses","volume":"185","author":"Buckner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.07.015"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00766-y"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301102"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1076"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2435"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504145102"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-023-02452-5"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214102","article-title":"Assessment of RACGAP1 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker in multiple human tumors: A multiomics analysis","volume":"23","author":"Eid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0502121"},{"key":"2026040105300593000_53.4.456.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2462"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.2025-0770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1775046637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.2025-0770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.2025-0770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.2025-0770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}}}