{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:08:10Z","timestamp":1778850490256,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and identify factors associated with it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 tertiary care hospitals among 653 patients with RA. Data on demographics, poor prognostic factors (high erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody titers, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] &gt; 5.1), and comorbidities were collected through a structured questionnaire and medical record review. Comorbidities were quantified by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 646 (98.9%) patients had \u2265 1 comorbidity. The most prevalent were dyslipidemia (75.8%), obesity (58.7%), hypertension (42.7%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (30.3%), and osteoporosis (OP; 15.6%). Age \u2265 45 years was independently associated with coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR] 9.71, 95% CI 1.91-178.00), OP (OR 19.60, 95% CI 5.96-121.00) and infectious diseases (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03-2.54). Female sex was associated with lower cardiovascular risk (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11-0.62), whereas female sex was associated with increased odds of OP (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.71-8.37) and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.37-3.56). The use of targeted synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs increased the risk of infection (OR 14.80 and 4.11, respectively). High DAS28-CRP and ESR values were linked to GI comorbidities. The CCI survival index was significantly lower in older patients (\u2265 45 years; mean 68.7 [SD 26.7]) than in younger patients (mean 93.3 [SD 6.7],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of multimorbidity is high among patients with RA in Bangladesh, particularly early cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2025-1272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T12:20:20Z","timestamp":1776255620000},"page":"jrheum.2025-1272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Comorbidities and Poor Prognostic Factors Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.3899","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shoaib","family":"Momen Majumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0005-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rijwan","family":"Bhuyian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Jahid","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minhaj Rahim","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Atiqul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Nurmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.2025-1272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T12:20:12Z","timestamp":1778847612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.2025-1272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.3899\/jrheum.2025-1272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.2025-1272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-162X","1499-2752","0315-162X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"},{"value":"1499-2752","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0315-162X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}}}