{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:50:46Z","timestamp":1790743846711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rheumatol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a viral RNA sensor induced by SARS-CoV-2. Similarities have been reported between the clinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and anti-MDA5 antibody\u2013positive interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5-ILD). However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are associated with anti-MDA5-ILD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with anti-MDA5-ILD admitted to our hospital between April 2017 and March 2022. In addition, we investigated the clinical presentations of patients who developed anti-MDA5-ILD after vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We also examined the annual number of anti-MDA5-ILD cases before and after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nine patients with anti-MDA5-ILD were seen during the study period, of whom 4 developed anti-MDA5-ILD between August and October 2021, approximately 6 to 12 weeks after vaccination with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and a few months after the rapid mRNA COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Japan. None of the 4 patients had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The difference in the annual number of anti-MDA5-ILD cases before vs after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (1.25 \u00b1 0.96 cases\/yr vs 4.0 cases\/yr) was not statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.08).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We encountered 4 cases of anti-MDA5-ILD after COVID-19 vaccination. Further large population studies are needed to clarify the relationship between anti-MDA5-ILD and vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T08:21:24Z","timestamp":1655281284000},"page":"1158-1162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Antimelanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Antibody\u2013Positive Interstitial Lung Disease After Vaccination With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3899","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Kitajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Funauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Marumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Imura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motonari","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2262","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081722551393000_49.10.1158.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108628"},{"key":"2025081722551393000_49.10.1158.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08822-5","article-title":"Interstitial 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of anti-MDA5 antibody and its value for the clinical assessment in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025081722551393000_49.10.1158.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05180-7","article-title":"High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies and lupus anticoagulant in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia","volume":"39","author":"Gazzaruso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025081722551393000_49.10.1158.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04792-9"},{"key":"2025081722551393000_49.10.1158.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103012","article-title":"Autoantibodies and SARS-CoV2 infection: the spectrum from association to clinical implication: report of the 15th Dresden symposium on 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