{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:37:39Z","timestamp":1784907459873,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a kefir-isolated microbial mixture containing three bacterial and two yeast strains (MM) to protect intestinal epithelial cells against <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic> invasion, as well as to analyse the effect on pro-inflammatory response elicited by this pathogen. A significant decrease in <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> strain 72 invasion was observed on both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells pre-incubated with MM. Pre-incubation with the individual strains <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic> CIDCA 8112 or <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic> CIDCA 8221 also reduced the internalisation of <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> into HT-29 cells although in a lesser extent than MM. Interestingly, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> CIDCA 83114 exerted a protective effect on the invasion of Caco-2 and HT-29 cells by <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>. Regarding the pro-inflammatory response on HT-29 cells, <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> infection induced a significant activation of the expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) encoding genes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), whereas incubation of cells with MM did not induce the expression of any of the mediators assessed. Interestingly, pre-incubation of HT-29 monolayer with MM produced an inhibition of <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>-induced IL-8, CCL20 and TNF-\u03b1 mRNA expression. In order to gain insight on the effect of MM (or the individual strains) on this pro-inflammatory response, a series of experiments using a HT-29-NF-\u03baB-hrGFP reporter system were performed. Pre-incubation of HT-29-NF-\u03baB-hrGFP cells with MM significantly dampened <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>-induced activation. Our results showed that the contribution of yeast strain <jats:italic>Kluyveromyces marxianus<\/jats:italic> CIDCA 8154 seems to be crucial in the observed effect. In conclusion, results presented in this study demonstrate that pre-treatment with a microbial mixture containing bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir, resulted in inhibition of <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> internalisation into human intestinal epithelial cells, along with the inhibition of the signalling via NF-\u03baB that in turn led to the attenuation of the inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2015.0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T08:29:25Z","timestamp":1445934565000},"page":"103-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Kefir-isolated bacteria and yeasts inhibit Shigella flexneri invasion and modulate pro-inflammatory response on intestinal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"P.A.","family":"Bolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Microbiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.G.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Criotecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT-La Plata, CONICET, 47 y 116, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina"},{"name":"\u00c1rea de Bromatolog\u00eda y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.F.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Microbiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, 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