{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:27:01Z","timestamp":1783117621314,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diarrhoea in piglets by <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and other pathogens can be a serious health problem. Non-drug treatments such as probiotic microorganisms have various effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis and host immune system modulation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitable use of <jats:italic>Weissella paramesenteroides<\/jats:italic> WpK4 strain isolated from healthy piglets as an alternative prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium. Out of 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates, 24 strains belonging to the <jats:italic>Weissella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> genera were analysed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for desirable probiotic characteristics. The <jats:italic>W. paramesenteroides<\/jats:italic> WpK4 strain fulfilled all <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> tests: resistance to acidic pH and bile salts, hydrophobic cell surface, antagonism against bacterial pathogens, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production and exopolysaccharide secretion, and non-transferable resistance to antibiotics. Mice fed with WpK4 showed no signs of bacterial translocation to the liver or spleen and decreased <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> translocation to these organs. Significantly, WpK4 intake attenuated the weight loss, fostered the preservation of intestinal architecture and integrity, and promoted survival in mice following infection with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium. In addition, WpK4 modulated immune cellular response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings validate the probiotic properties of <jats:italic>W. paramesenteroides<\/jats:italic> WpK4 strain, and its eventual use in piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2015.0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T08:50:11Z","timestamp":1447404611000},"page":"61-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 reduces gene expression of intestinal cytokines, and hepatic and splenic injuries in a murine model of typhoid fever"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"L.B.","family":"Alvim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. 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