{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:36:34Z","timestamp":1766136994654,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium are the first to contact the microbiota and food components. As a direct consequence of this, these cells are the first line of defence and key players in priming the immune response. One of the first responses against GI insults is the formation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex assembled in response to environmental threats. The formation of the inflammasome regulates caspase-1 by cleaving it into its active form. Once activated, caspase-1 can cleave interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), which promotes adaptive and humoral immunity. Some strains, like <jats:italic>Lactobacillus johnsonii<\/jats:italic> N6.2, are able to modulate the biosynthesis of important host metabolites mediating inflammation. Of these metabolites are the pro-inflammatory kynurenines. <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> N6.2 is able to downregulate kynurenines biosynthesis via a redox active mechanism negatively affecting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> N6.2 combined with the natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule rosmarinic acid (RA). Inflammasome assembly and the kynurenine pathway were evaluated in GI samples of BioBreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rats. In this work, BB-DP rats were fed daily with RA, <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> N6.2; or both combined. The transcriptional rate and proteins levels of inflammasome and kynurenine pathway components in ileum tissue were evaluated. Elevated levels of pro-caspase-1 were observed in rats fed with <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic>, while RA had no effect on pro-caspase-1 expression. Western blot assays demonstrated that <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> fed rats showed lower levels of mature caspase-1, when compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, IL-1\u03b2 maturation followed a similar pattern across the treatments. Differences were also observed between treatments in expression levels of key enzymes in the kynurenine pathway. These findings support the role of <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> in modulating the assembly of the inflammasome as well as some steps of the pro-inflammatory kynurenine pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2017.0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T09:45:24Z","timestamp":1523353524000},"page":"527-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 diminishes caspase-1 maturation in the gastrointestinal system of diabetes prone rats"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"L.D.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry road, Rm307, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.N.","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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