{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:16:53Z","timestamp":1790518613639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is known that gastrointestinal microbiota, probiotics and heat-killed microbes can regulate intestinal immunity; however, their effect on the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones is unclear. The secretion of gastrointestinal hormones can be mediated by the elevation of intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration, suggesting that these hormones may act through common mechanisms. We have previously shown that heat-killed <jats:italic>Lactobacillus brevis<\/jats:italic> SBC8803 (hk-SBC8803) induced the secretion of serotonin and elevated intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration in serotonin-producing RIN-14B cells, suggesting that hk-SBC8803 could potentially cause the same effect on other gastrointestinal hormones, including hunger hormone ghrelin. Here, we tested this hypothesis by treating cultured cells and experimental animals with hk-SBC8803 and assessing ghrelin secretion, expression of ghrelin-related genes, and food intake. The results indicated that hk-SBC8803 treatment for 30 min significantly upregulated the secretion of acyl ghrelin (active form) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.046) and mRNA expression of the <jats:italic>Syt3<\/jats:italic> (synaptotagmin 3) gene related to ghrelin exocytosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) in primary mouse stomach cells. In addition, oral administration of 500 mg\/kg hk-SBC8803 to rats tended to upregulate acyl ghrelin concentration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.10) and significantly increased the ratio of acyl to des-acyl (inactive) ghrelin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.027) in blood, which corresponded to a tendency of stimulating food intake (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.087) at 30 min post-treatment. However, when in order to minimise individual differences we normalised the data on food intake to those on one-day food intake prior to food deprivation, the resultant food intake ratio showed a significant increase (by 5% compared to control; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.032) at 30 min after hk-SBC8803 treatment, indicating that hk-SBC8803 administration stimulated rats to take more food during the first meal after fasting. These results suggest that hk-SBC8803 induces short-term ghrelin secretion and transiently increases appetite, which is an important effect for individuals with low energy intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2018.0091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T09:50:34Z","timestamp":1560419434000},"page":"671-678","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 elevates the ratio of acyl\/des-acyl ghrelin in blood and increases short-term food intake"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, Sapporo Holdings Ltd., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Nakakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, Sapporo Holdings 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