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Given the importance of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine, their effective replacement with direct-fed microbials or probiotics could help reduce antimicrobial use, perhaps restoring or extending the usefulness of these precious drugs against serious infections. Thus, probiotic research in livestock is rapidly evolving, aspiring to produce local and systemic health benefits on par with antimicrobials. Although many studies have clearly demonstrated the potential of probiotics to positively affect animal health and inhibit pathogens, experimental evidence suggests that probiotics\u2019 successes are modest, conditional, strain-dependent, and transient. Here, we explore current understanding, trends, and emerging applications of probiotic research and usage in major livestock species, and highlight successes in animal health and performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2019.0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T11:50:15Z","timestamp":1566906615000},"page":"773-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock diets?"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.A.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 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