{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1787030624300,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to assess the correlation between covariates of the vaginal microbiota and local levels of proinflammatory cytokines in women of reproductive age presenting four molecularly defined bacterial community-state types (CSTs). We enrolled 133 non-pregnant women who attended primary care health clinics for routine Pap-testing. Molecular profiling of vaginal microbiota was performed by V3-V4 16S rRNA sequencing. The covariates of vaginal microbiota included were: vaginal pH, total bacterial cell count, diversity (Shannon index), -richness and dominant taxa abundances. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in supernatants of cervicovaginal fluids. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare microbiota covariates and cytokines among different CSTs. Spearman\u2019s tests were performed to assess correlations across the measured parameters. A total of 96 (72.2%) participants had CSTs dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    CST I, n=38;\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus gasseri<\/jats:italic>\n                    CST II, n=20; and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    CST III, n=38). A total of 37 (27.8%) presented the\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus-depleted<\/jats:italic>\n                    CST IV. Total bacterial count was higher in CST II (1.29E+05, 3.40E+04-6.69E+05) compared to other\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus-dominated<\/jats:italic>\n                    CSTs (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.0003). The highest values of microbiota diversity (1.85; 0.23-2.68) and richness (27.0; 5.0-37.0) were observed in CST IV (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.0001). Lower levels of IL-1\u03b2 were observed in CST I (5.4; 0.0-3,256) when compared to CST III (51.7; 0.0-2,616) and to CST IV (56.2; 0.0-3,407) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.008). Levels of IL-6 were higher in CST II (4.13; 0-131.4) than in CST IV (0.0-58.27) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.02). Correlation tests showed an overall distinct profile of CST II when compared to other\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillusdominated<\/jats:italic>\n                    CSTs, particularly regarding the correlation between total bacterial load and cytokines (r&gt;0.39). In conclusion, this study provides evidence of a single pro-inflammatory signature of\n                    <jats:italic>L. gasseri<\/jats:italic>\n                    -dominated microbiota in response to bacterial load. Further studies evaluating a broader range of inflammation markers are warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2022.0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T03:18:30Z","timestamp":1680837510000},"page":"131-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Covariates of vaginal microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in women of reproductive age"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Novak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. M\u00e1rio Rubens Guimar\u00e3es Montenegro, s\/n, 18618-970 Botucatu-SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.S.T.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. M\u00e1rio Rubens Guimar\u00e3es Montenegro, s\/n, 18618-970 Botucatu-SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Golim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Center Blood, Av. Prof. M\u00e1rio Rubens Guimar\u00e3es Montenegro, s\/n, 18618-970 Botucatu-SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. M\u00e1rio Rubens Guimar\u00e3es Montenegro, s\/n, 18618-970 Botucatu-SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. M\u00e1rio Rubens Guimar\u00e3es Montenegro, s\/n, 18618-970 Botucatu-SP, Brazil."},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Department of Basic Pathology, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 \u2013 Jardim das Am\u00e9ricas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.04.019"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00162.x"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02900"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu330"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6304"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.035"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0264-1"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-115"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02451"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050106"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-6"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051052"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.013"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.27"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499824"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00410-17"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001932"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.01.004"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.08.003"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62184-8"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050616"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001204"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ298"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.139"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12264"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00808.x"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000774"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.03.007"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080074"},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P., O\u2019Hara, R.B., Simpson, G., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H. and Wagner, H., 2013. 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