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Metabolomics, proteomics and sequencing technologies, enabled further analysis of these samples for the presence of hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive molecules. In the DE111 treatment group, the polyphenols trigonelline and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, orotic acid, the non-essential amino acid cystine and the lipokine 12,13-diHome were increased. DE111 also reduced acetylcholine levels in the ileostomy samples, and increased the expression of leucocyte recruiting proteins, antimicrobial peptides and intestinal alkaline phosphatases of the brush border in the small intestine. The combination of <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> DE111 and the diet administered during the study increased the expression of the proteins phosphodiesterase ENPP7, ceramidase ASAH2 and the adipokine Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein that are involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Acute <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> DE111 ingestion had limited detectable effect on the microbiome, with the main change being its increased presence. These findings support previous data suggesting a beneficial role of DE111 in digestion, metabolism, and immune health that appears to begin within hours of consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2022.0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T13:00:44Z","timestamp":1676466044000},"page":"31-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Acute physiological effects following Bacillus subtilis DE111 oral ingestion \u2013 a randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Colom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. 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