{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:55:27Z","timestamp":1777467327610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gerontol Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"\n How to Obtain Contact Hours by Reading This Article<\/jats:title>\n \n Instructions<\/jats:title>\n \n 1.2<\/jats:bold>\n contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at\n https:\/\/villanova.gosignmeup.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n . To obtain contact hours you must:\n \n \n 1.<\/jats:label>\n Read the article, \u201cEffects of Meridian Acupressure in Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong on the Physical Health State, Depression, and Life Satisfaction of Korean Older Adult Women Living Alone\u201d found on pages 28\u201335, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n 2.<\/jats:label>\n Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n 3.<\/jats:label>\n Go to the Villanova website listed above to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name; contact information; and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n This activity is valid for continuing education credit until January 31, 2019.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Contact Hours<\/jats:title>\n This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated.<\/jats:p>\n Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Activity Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n \n 1.<\/jats:label>\n Identify the health problems and social issues related to the increase in Korean older adult women living alone.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n 2.<\/jats:label>\n Describe the positive effects of Meridian acupressure as a potential complementary therapy for Korean older adult women living alone.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Disclosure Statement<\/jats:title>\n Neither the planners nor the author have any conflicts of interest to disclose.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of Meridian acupressure in Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong (one of 12 Meridian systems) on the physical health state, depression, and life satisfaction of Korean older adult women living alone. A quasi-experimental, pretest\u2013posttest control group design was used. Participants included 76 (experimental:\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 38, control:\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 38) women 65 and older living alone in Seoul and Gyeonggido, South Korea. Meridian acupressure in Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong was applied for 15 minutes twice per week, for a total of 8 weeks in the experimental group. Data showed there were significant differences in physical health state (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = \u221215.062,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), depression (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 3.241,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and life satisfaction (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = \u221217.141,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) between the two groups. Health professionals must consider an array of methods, including Meridian acupressure in Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong, for older adults. [\n Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42<\/jats:italic>\n (2), 28\u201335.]\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20151218-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,30]],"date-time":"2015-12-30T14:12:54Z","timestamp":1451484774000},"page":"28-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Meridian Acupressure in Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong on the Physical Health State, Depression, and Life Satisfaction of Korean Older Adult Women Living Alone"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sohyune R.","family":"Sok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1951.02920210024006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Validation of geriatric depression scale (GDS), Korean version in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression","volume":"38","author":"Cho M.J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cho M.J., Bae J.N., Suh G.H., Hahm B.J., Kim J.K., Lee D.W., Kang M.H. (1999). Validation of geriatric depression scale (GDS), Korean version in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 38, 48\u201363.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Effect of meridian massage on recovery of upper extremity function in hemiplegia patients","author":"Choi S.E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Choi S.E., Kim H.J., Kim H.J., Seo M.K., Kim Y.H., Kim M.L., Kim J.H. (2000). Effect of meridian massage on recovery of upper extremity function in hemiplegia patients. Report of Clinical Research in Kyung Hee Medical Center, 147\u2013171.","journal-title":"Report of Clinical Research in Kyung Hee Medical Center"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","volume-title":"East-West nursing intervention","author":"East-West Nursing Research Institute","year":"2001","unstructured":"East-West Nursing Research Institute. (2001). East-West nursing intervention. Seoul, Korea: Hyun Moon Sa."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The effects of a senior child interaction program on children's perception of the senior","volume":"17","author":"Ha J.Y.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ha J.Y., Jo C.Y. (2008). The effects of a senior child interaction program on children's perception of the senior. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing, 17, 301\u2013310.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v7n4p40"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"A survey on physical health status and health behavior of the elderly who live alone and who live with family","volume":"33","author":"Jang E.H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jang E.H., Kim H.J., Kwon K.N., Chang K., Kim Y., Lee I. (2004). A survey on physical health status and health behavior of the elderly who live alone and who live with family. Researches in Youngnam College, 33, 91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Researches in Youngnam College"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effects of Kyongrak massage in the elderly with chronic pain","volume":"4","author":"Jun J.Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jun J.Y. (2001). The effects of Kyongrak massage in the elderly with chronic pain. Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing, 4, 155\u2013164.","journal-title":"Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02522.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Analysis of gerontological nursing researches in Korea, 1999\u20132004","volume":"7","author":"Kim C.K.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim C.K. (2005). Analysis of gerontological nursing researches in Korea, 1999\u20132004. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing, 7, 125\u2013135.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"The relationship of family support, health perception, nutritional status and depression in elders","volume":"9","author":"Kim C.K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim C.K. (2007). The relationship of family support, health perception, nutritional status and depression in elders. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing, 9, 14\u201321.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","first-page":"765","article-title":"A comparative study on health status, depression, and quality of life between the elderly living with family and the elderly living alone","volume":"20","author":"Kim K.B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim K.B., Lee Y.J., Sok S.R. (2008). A comparative study on health status, depression, and quality of life between the elderly living with family and the elderly living alone. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 20, 765\u2013777.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20070801-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2013.44.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","volume-title":"Statistics of population in the future","author":"Korea National Statistical Office","year":"2011","unstructured":"Korea National Statistical Office. (2011). Statistics of population in the future. Seoul, Korea: Author."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","volume-title":"Nursing medical research and statistical analysis","author":"Lee E.O.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lee E.O., Lim N.Y., Park H.A. (1998). Nursing medical research and statistical analysis. Seoul, Korea: Soo Moon Sa."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2001.31.6.1044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The impact of employment on elder's quality of life","volume":"28","author":"Lee J.H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee J.H., Kang H.G., Jung W.S., Chae Y.M., Ji Y.G. (2007). The impact of employment on elder's quality of life. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 28, 143\u2013156.","journal-title":"Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"The effect of roller acupuncture stimulation on Baesu spots of Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong in the reaction to physiologic pain in neonates","volume":"2","author":"Lee J.W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee J.W., Kim Y.H. (2006). The effect of roller acupuncture stimulation on Baesu spots of Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong in the reaction to physiologic pain in neonates. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing, 2, 75\u201383.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2003.02962.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Study of Cornell's medical index\u2014The third","volume":"3","author":"Nam H.C.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Nam H.C. (1965). Study of Cornell's medical index\u2014The third. Modern Medicine, 3, 471\u2013475.","journal-title":"Modern Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930050606"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.738414"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"A study on influence of subjective health recognition and social support on the elderly suicide ideation: Using parameter effect of depression","volume":"54","author":"Seomun J.H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seomun J.H., Lee H.A. (2011). A study on influence of subjective health recognition and social support on the elderly suicide ideation: Using parameter effect of depression. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 54, 361\u2013385.","journal-title":"Journal of Welfare for the Aged"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Geriatric depression scale (GDS), recent evidence and development of shorter version","volume":"4","author":"Sheikh J.I.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sheikh J.I., Yesavage J.A. (1986). Geriatric depression scale (GDS), recent evidence and development of shorter version. Clinical Gerontology, 4, 165\u2013173.","journal-title":"Clinical Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04342.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12934\/jkpmhn.2012.21.2.118"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Effects of auricular acupuncture on insomnia in Korean elderly [article in Korean]","volume":"35","author":"Sok S.R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sok S.R., Kim K.B. (2005). Effects of auricular acupuncture on insomnia in Korean elderly [article in Korean]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 35, 1014\u20131024.","journal-title":"Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Effects of muscle electric stimulation on chronic knee pain, activities of daily living, and living satisfaction for Korean elderly women [article in Korean]","volume":"37","author":"Sok S.R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sok S.R., Kim K.B. (2007). Effects of muscle electric stimulation on chronic knee pain, activities of daily living, and living satisfaction for Korean elderly women [article in Korean]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 37, 305\u2013312.","journal-title":"Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03551.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/343608"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","first-page":"956","article-title":"Efficacy on depression in breast cancer treated with acupuncture and auricular acupressure [article in Chinese]","volume":"34","author":"Xiao B.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao B., Liu Z.H. (2014). Efficacy on depression in breast cancer treated with acupuncture and auricular acupressure [article in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu, 34, 956\u2013960.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"A study of tool development for living satisfaction of elderly","author":"Yun J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yun J. (1982). A study of tool development for living satisfaction of elderly. Proceeding Book of Korean Psychiatric Academic Association, 26\u201330.","journal-title":"Proceeding Book of Korean Psychiatric Academic Association"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gerontological Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.healio.com\/nursing\/journals\/jgn\/2016-2-42-2\/%7B16275ded-7d4f-455f-a0d2-bbd41fd913cf%7D\/effects-of-meridian-acupressure-in-joktaeyang-bangkwang-kyeong-on-the-physical-health-state-depression-and-life-satisfaction-of-korean-older-adult-women-living-alone","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T15:42:11Z","timestamp":1683042131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.healio.com\/doi\/10.3928\/00989134-20151218-01"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3928\/00989134-20151218-01"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00989134-20151218-01","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9134","1938-243X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-9134","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-243X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}}}