{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:53:32Z","timestamp":1782219212095,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Physeal injuries of the distal humerus comprise approximately 10% of all physeal injuries. Diagnosis of these injuries at a young age before the ossification centers have ossified and become visible radiographically is difficult. Poor outcome of distal humeral physeal injuries is not uncommon and can be best prevented by knowledge of anatomy and the use of all appropriate imaging techniques. The focus of this article is to correlate anatomy at different ages with the occurrence of specific injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19920701-04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T07:20:54Z","timestamp":1618989654000},"page":"799-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["PHYSEAL INJURIES OF THE DISTAL HUMERUS"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hamlet A","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Peterson CA Peterson HA. Analysis of the incidence of injuries to the epiphyseal growth plate. J Trauma. 1972; 12:275.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197204000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","unstructured":"2. Peterson HA. Physeal injuries. In: Morrey BF ed. The Elbow and Its Disorders. Philadelphia Pa: WB. Saunders Co; 1985; 13:222-236."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","unstructured":"3. Peterson HA. Premature partial physeal arrest. In: Morrissy RT ed. Lovell & Winter's Pediatric Orthopedics 3rd ed. vol 2. Philadelphia Pa: IB. Lippincott Co; 1990; 33:1071-1089."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","unstructured":"4. Mrzena V. K U'razum Dist\u00e2lni Epify'2y Humera a Deti: Acta Chir Orthop Traum Cech. 1988; 55:491-496."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Salter RB Harris WR. Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963; 45A:587.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345030-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Peterson HA. Burkhart SS. Compression injury of the epiphyseal growth plate: fact or fiction? J Pediatr Orthop 1981; 1:377.","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198112000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","unstructured":"7. Brodeur AE Silberstein MJ Graviss ER. Radiology of the Pediatric Elbow. Boston Mass: G.K. 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J Bone Joint Surg. 1982; 64A: 1083-1087.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264070-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Omer GE Jr Simmons JW. Fractures of me distal humeral growth plate. South Med J. 1968; 61:651.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-196806000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Perio A Mut T Aracil J Martos F. Fractureseparation of the lower humeral epiphysis in young children. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981; 52:295.","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678109050106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Smith FM. Children's elbow injuries: fractures and dislocations. Clin Orthop. 1967; 50:7.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196701000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_1","unstructured":"37. Grogan DP Ogden JA. Differentiating lateral condylar from transepiphyseal fractures: pediatric elbow fracture need not be your nemesis. J Musculoskel Med. 1986:6481."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Mizuno K Hirohat K Kashiwagi D. Fractureseparation of the distal humeral epiphysis in young children. J Bone Joint Surg. 1 979; 61 A:570.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961040-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_1","unstructured":"39. Sutherland DH Wrobel L. Displacement of the entire distal humeral epiphysis. In: Proceedings of the Western Orthopedic Association. J Bone Joint Surg. 1974; 56A:206."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Gaur SC Varma V Varma B. An unusual injury of the lower humeral epiphysis in a child: a case report. Injury. 1985; 16:625-627.","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(85)90012-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_1","unstructured":"41. Havr\u00e1nek P H\u00e1jkova H. Treatment of children's epiphyseal injuries in the elbow region. Acta Univers Carolinae Med. 1985; 3l(3\/4):243-268."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Jakob R Fbwels JV Rang M. Observations concerning fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 1975; 57B:430-436.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.57B4.430"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Kreusch-Brinker R Noack W. Verletzungen der distalen humerusepiphyse im wachstumsalter. Unfallchirurgie. 1986; l2(2):60-67.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02588324"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Smith FJ Joyce JJ III. Fractures of me lateral condyle of the humerus in children. Am J Surg. 1954; 87:324-329.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(54)90129-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Jones KG. Percutaneous pin fixation of fractures of the lower end of me humerus. Clin Orthop. 1967; 50:53.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196701000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Flynn JC Richards JF. Non-union of minimally displaced fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 1971 ; 53A: 1096.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Hardacre JA Nahigian SH Froimson AI Brown JE. Fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 197 1 ; 53A: 1083.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Ingersol RE. Fractures of the humeral condyles in children. Clin Orthop. 1965; 41:32.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196500410-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Wadsworth TG. Premature epiphyseal fusion after injury of the capitellum. J Bone Joint Surg. 1964; 46B:46.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B1.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Hoist-Nielsen F Ottsen P. Fractures of the lateral condyle of die humerus in children. Acta Orthop Scand. 1974;45:518-528.","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677408989175"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Kr\u00f6pf) A Genelin F Obrist J Zirknitzer J. Fenlhei1 ungen und wachstummsst\u00f6rungen nach frakturen des condylus radialis humeri im kindesalter. Unfallchirurgie. 1989; 15(3): 1 13-121.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02806686"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_1","unstructured":"52. Collins R Lavine SA. Fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus with ulnar nerve paralysis. Clin Proc Child Hosp DC. 1964; 20:274."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Wadsworth TG. Injuries of the capitellar (lateral humeral condylar) epiphysis. Clin Orthop. 1972; 85:127.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197206000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54. Chacha PB. Fracture of the medial condyle of the humerus with rotational displacement. Report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg. 1970; 52 A: 1453.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052070-00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Codiay DM. Injury of the lower medial epiphysis of the humerus before development of the ossification centre. Report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg. 1 967; 49B:766.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.49B4.766"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Fahey JJ O'Brien ET. Fracture-separation of the medial humeral condyle in a child confused with fracture of the medial epicondyle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1971; 53A;1 102.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153060-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57. KiIf oy Ie RM. Fractures of the medial condyle and epicondyle of the elbow in children. Clin Orthop. 1963; 41:43.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196500410-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58. El Ghawabi ME. Fracture of the medial condyle of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg. 1975; 57A:677.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557050-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Minami A Sugawara M. Humeral trochlear hypoplasia secondary to epiphyseal injury as a cause of ulnar nerve palsy. Clin Orthop. 1988; 228:227-232.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198803000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Peterson HA Triplane fracture of the distal humeral epiphysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:81.","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198302000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Silberstein MJ1 Brodeur AE Graviss ER Luisiri A. Some vagaries of the medial epicondyle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1981; 63A:524.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163040-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62. Chessare JW Rogers LF White H. Tachdjian MO. Injuries of the medial epicondylar ossification center of humerus Am J Roentgenol. 1977; 129:49.","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.129.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63. Woods GW Tullos HS. Elbow instability and medial epicondylar fractures. Am J Sports. 1977; 5:23.","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64. Silberstein MJ Brodeur AE Graviss ER. Some vagaries of the lateral epicondyle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982; 64A:444.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264030-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65. Peterson HA. Surgical lengthening of the humerus: case report and review. J Pediatr Orthop. 1989;9:596-601.","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198909010-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66. Holland CT. A radiographic note of injuries to the distal epiphyses of the radius and ulna. Proc R Soc Med. 929; 22:695.","DOI":"10.1177\/003591572902200554"}],"container-title":["Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T02:17:45Z","timestamp":1683080265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.healio.com\/doi\/10.3928\/0147-7447-19920701-04"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3928\/0147-7447-19920701-04"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/0147-7447-19920701-04","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-7447","1938-2367"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-7447","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2367","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}}}