{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:14:52Z","timestamp":1760044492546},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Acute anterior shoulder dislocations are extremely painful conditions that force patients to present to emergency rooms or physicians' offices immediately. The diagnosis usually is established through a careful history and examination, and may be confirmed by appropriate radiography. The immediate treatment objective is to achieve reduction as early as possible, preferably through a closed reduction method with the least discomfort. Current methods of reduction are based on either traction or leverage maneuvers, with each having its own merits and disadvantages. This article, however, revisits the subject by a comprehensive literature review. It addresses obstacles to reduction and reports a closed reduction technique for the acute anterior dislocations of the shoulder that uses both traction and leverage maneuvers simultaneously. In addition, the technique eliminates failing factors of current reduction methods such as the surgeons' weakening or slippery grip when using traction methods. It is expected, by virtue of the method, that it would reduce the chances for complications such as humeral shaft fractures as can occur in leverage maneuvers. This method addresses all potential anatomical and pathological features of acute anterior dislocations of the shoulder to facilitate an earlier and more comfortable reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19970601-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T23:17:55Z","timestamp":1618874275000},"page":"515-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Reduction Technique-Revisited"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Zahiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hormoz","family":"Zahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fereydun","family":"Tehrany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Brockbank W Grifiths DLl. Orthopedic surgery in the 16th and 17th centuries. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1948; 30:365-375.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.30B2.365"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","unstructured":"2. Rockwood C Green DP eds. Fractures in Adults. Philadelphia. Pa: JB Lippincott Co: 1991."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","unstructured":"3. Nash J. The status of Kocher's method of reducing recent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1934; 16:535-544."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","unstructured":"4. Kocher T. Eine Neue Reductionsmetliode Fur Schulterverrenkung. Berliner klinische Woch Organ Fur Practische Aerate. 1870; no 9."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","unstructured":"5. Jersey C. Report of 21 cases of subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus reduced by Kocher's method. New York Medical Journal. 1883; 344-346."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Depalma AF Flannery GF. Acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Journal of American Sports Medicine. 1973; 1:6-15.","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657300100201"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Woolmer SL. On the value of Kocher's method of reducing shoulder dislocations. Uincet. 1891; 1038.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)88664-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Mirick MJ. Clinton JE. Ruiz E. External rotation method of shoulder dislocation reduction. JACEP. 1979; 8-12:528-531.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-1124(79)80302-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Milch H. Anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Surg. 1928:5:66-68.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(28)90321-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","unstructured":"10. Milch H. Treatment of dislocation of the shoulder. Surgery. Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1938; 3:732-740.'"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","unstructured":"11. Milch H. Brickner W. Reduction of the anterior shoulder dislocation. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1925:40:38-41."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Garnavos C. Modification and improvement of the Milch technique for the reduction of anterior dislocation of the shoulder without premedication. J Trauma. 1992; 32:801-803.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199206000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Johnson G. H\u00fclse W. McGowan A. The Milch technique for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations in an accident and emergency department. Arch Emery Med. 1992; 91:40-43.","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.9.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Lacey T ?. Crawford HB. Reduction of anterior dislocations of the shoulder by means of the Milch abduction technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1952;34:108-109.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195234010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Beattie F Steedman DJ. McGowan A. Robertson CE. Comparison of the Milch and Kocher techniques for acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Injury. 1986; 17:349-352.","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(86)90161-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. McNamara RM. Reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations by scapular manipulation. Archives of Emergency Medicine. 1993; 22:1140-1144.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80979-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Kathari RU. Dronen SC. Prospective Evaluation of the scapular manipulation technique in reducing anterior shoulder dislocations. Am Emerg Med. 1992; 21:1349-1352.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81900-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1 8. Fusco EB. Procedure to reduce dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956; 38:782-786.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638040-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Little A. Dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965: 47:809.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547040-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Manes HR. A new method of shoulder reduction in the elderly. Clin Orthop. 1980: 147:200-202.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198003000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","unstructured":"21 . Waldron VD. Dislocated shoulder reduction: a simple method that is done without assistants. Orthopedic Review. 1982; 11:105-106."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Riebel GD. McCabe JB. Anterior shoulder dislocation: a review of reduction techniques. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 199 1 ; 9:180-188.","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(91)90187-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","unstructured":"23. Nicola T. Anterior dislocation of the shou lder. The role of the articular capsule. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1942:24:614-616."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Nicola T. 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