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Of the 52 patients, 25 had degenerative disk disease, 10 had lateral recess stenosis, 6 had degenerative spondylolisthesis, 6 had lumbar spine vertebral fracture, 4 had combined lateral recess stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis, and 1 had an L5 giant cell tumor. Ten patients had 1-segment fusion, 29 had 2-segment fusion, and 13 had 3-segment fusion. Mean follow-up was 3 years (range, 1.5\u20134 years); no patient was lost to follow-up. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Oswestry Disability Index and a low back and leg visual analog pain scale. Imaging evaluation of fusion was performed with standard and dynamic radiographs. Complications were recorded. Mean Oswestry Disability Index scores improved from 76% preoperatively (range, 52%\u201390%) to 48% at 6 weeks postoperatively, and to 34%, 28%, and 30% at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Mean low back and leg pain improved from 8 and 9 points preoperatively, respectively, to 6 and 5 points immediately postoperatively, respectively, and to 2 points each thereafter. Imaging union of the arthrodesis was observed in 50 (96%) patients by 1-year follow-up. Two patients sustained screw breakage: 1 had painful loss of sagittal alignment of the lumbar spine and underwent revision spinal surgery with pedicle screws and titanium rods and the other had superficial wound infection and was treated with wound dressing changes and antibiotics for 6 weeks. No adjacent segment degeneration was observed in any patient until the time of this writing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130624-28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T05:44:18Z","timestamp":1372916658000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Posterior Spinal Fusion Using Pedicle Screws"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Athanasakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas F.","family":"Mavrogenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Triantafyllopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spiros","family":"Koufos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spiros G.","family":"Pneumaticos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31804c98e5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000238965.81013.c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.10.4.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251036.99413.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3180590c23"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000137069.88904.03"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","article-title":"Risk factors for adjacent segment disease after posterior lumbar interbody fusion and efficacy of simultaneous decompression surgery for symptomatic adjacent segment disease [published online ahead of print March 28, 2012]","author":"Hikata T","unstructured":"Hikata T, Kamata M, Furukawa M. 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