{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T12:31:10Z","timestamp":1784896270484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Arm wrestling places significant torque on the humeral shaft. A spiral distal humeral shaft fracture is an unusual but significant injury that can result. Of 93 patients who presented between 2009 and 2017 with closed humeral shaft fractures that were managed nonoperatively, 9 sustained the fractures while arm wrestling. Outcomes were compared with those of all other patients with nonoperatively managed humeral shaft fractures sustained through other mechanisms. The Student's\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            test was used to compare cohorts. All patients had spiral fractures that occurred in the distal one-third of the humerus. All patients went on to achieve radiographic union after a mean of 13.6 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5\u201315.6). At fracture healing, mean angulation of the humerus seen on the anteroposterior and lateral views was 15.1\u00b0 (95% CI, 12.0\u00b0\u201318.2\u00b0) and 8.9\u00b0 (95% CI, 3.7\u00b0\u201314.1\u00b0), respectively. Mean elbow flexion\u2013extension arc was 141.1\u00b0 (95% CI, 134.4\u00b0\u2013147.8\u00b0), with mean forward shoulder elevation of 168.8\u00b0 (95% CI, 153.3\u00b0\u2013184.2\u00b0). On comparison of the patients with humeral shaft fractures sustained through arm wrestling with the patients with humeral shaft fractures sustained through other mechanisms, except for earlier time to healing for the former (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.05), no significant differences were observed. This represents the first analysis of radiographic and clinical outcomes following these types of fractures. Those who sustain these fractures secondary to the high-torque moment of arm wrestling are not different from those who sustain these fractures secondary to other mechanisms, except for an earlier time to union. This study indicates that nonoperative management of all humeral shaft fractures results in radiographic union with favorable clinical outcomes. [\n            <jats:italic>Orthopedics.<\/jats:italic>\n            2018; 41(2):e207\u2013e210.]\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180102-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T19:25:41Z","timestamp":1515439541000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Humeral Fractures Sustained During Arm Wrestling: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Cory K.","family":"Mayfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Egol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245358"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Fracture of the scapular neck sustained in an arm wrestling match","volume":"107","author":"Considine S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Considine S, Hirpara KM, Hynes DE. Fracture of the scapular neck sustained in an arm wrestling match. Ir Med J. 2014; 107(9):298\u2013299.","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199702000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19880401-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Fracture of humerus during arm wrestling: report of 5 cases","volume":"32","author":"Low BY","year":"1991","unstructured":"Low BY, Lim J. Fracture of humerus during arm wrestling: report of 5 cases. Singapore Med J. 1991; 32(1):47\u201349.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Fractures of the humerus by muscular violence","volume":"17","author":"Ashhurst APC","year":"1905","unstructured":"Ashhurst APC. Fractures of the humerus by muscular violence. Univ Penn Med Bull. 1905; 17:1905\u20131906.","journal-title":"Univ Penn Med Bull"},{"issue":"819","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Arm wrestling and fracture humerus","volume":"100","author":"Kenyon-David D","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kenyon-David D. Arm wrestling and fracture humerus. N Z Med J. 1987; 100(819):153.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6562.1644"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/en2008.06.16.3.18.c8182"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198006000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500204"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.882736"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Humeral fractures by arm wrestling in adult: a biomechanical study","volume":"83","author":"Pedrazzini A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pedrazzini A, Pedrazzoni M, De Filippo M, Nicoletto G, Govoni R, Ceccarelli F. Humeral fractures by arm wrestling in adult: a biomechanical study. Acta Biomed. 2012; 83(2):122\u2013126.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Humeral fracture in arm wrestling: bone morphology as a permanent risk factor. Indications for safety measures in arm wrestling","volume":"54","author":"Marks W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marks W, Penkowski M, Stasiak M, et al. Humeral fracture in arm wrestling: bone morphology as a permanent risk factor. Indications for safety measures in arm wrestling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014; 54(1):88\u201392.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677508989255"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Humeral shaft fracture and arm-wrestling","volume":"35","author":"Chiu KY","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chiu KY, Pun WK, Chow SP. Humeral shaft fracture and arm-wrestling. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1990; 35(4):264\u2013265.","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198003000-00040"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1993.tb09703.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of humoral fractures in arm wrestlers","volume":"47","author":"Bay BH","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bay BH, Sit KH, Lee ST. Mechanisms of humoral fractures in arm wrestlers. Br J Clin Pract. 1993; 47(5):279\u2013280.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/962609"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197107000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993599"}],"container-title":["Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.healio.com\/doiresolver?doi=10.3928\/01477447-20180102-05","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T07:11:11Z","timestamp":1683097871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.healio.com\/doi\/10.3928\/01477447-20180102-05"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3928\/01477447-20180102-05"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20180102-05","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-7447","1938-2367"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-7447","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2367","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}}}