{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1780059918029,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Septic arthritis of the native glenohumeral joint is rare, and there is little information available regarding the natural progression and long-term joint outcomes of this pathology. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 97 patients with culture-positive glenohumeral septic arthritis between 1995 and 2015 at their institution with a mean clinical follow-up of 83.1 months. Patient records were reviewed to document demographic and laboratory data, clinical presentation, postoperative complications, recurrences, and subsequent shoulder arthroplasty. Common comorbidities uncovered included 20 immunocompromised patients (20.6%), intravenous drug use among 27 patients (27.8%), diabetes mellitus among 40 patients (41.2%), and 18 patients (18.5%) receiving hemodialysis.\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            was the most common pathogen identified (61 patients; 62.8%), followed by streptococcal species (17 patients; 17.2%). Hematogenous spread of infection was the most common etiology of shoulder sepsis (40.2%). Seven patients (7.2%) developed shoulder sepsis of undetermined etiology in the absence of established risk factors, and 16 patients (16.4%) developed recurrent glenohumeral septic arthritis at a mean of 40 months following initial eradication of infection. Three patients (3.0%) eventually underwent same-side shoulder arthroplasty at a mean of 18 months following septic arthritis, with none experiencing a periprosthetic joint infection. Glenohumeral septic arthritis is highly unlikely in the absence of medical risk factors. Long-term recurrence after clinically successful treatment is low (16.5%), and few patients undergo elective arthroplasty following shoulder septic arthritis. However, orthopedic surgeons can expect 30% to 40% of patients to require multiple trips to the operating room to successfully treat the initial joint infection, regardless of treatment method. [\n            <jats:italic>Orthopedics<\/jats:italic>\n            . 2019; 42(1):e118\u2013e123.]\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20181227-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T18:34:16Z","timestamp":1546454056000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Long-term Outcomes After Septic Arthritis of the Native Glenohumeral Joint: A 20-Year Retrospective Review"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Sweet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel J.","family":"Sheena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity E.","family":"Fisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Muh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61595-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1540-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"1802","article-title":"Arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the shoulder joint","volume":"88","author":"Jeon IH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeon IH, Choi CH, Seo JS, Seo KJ, Ko SH, Park JY. 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