{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:11:31Z","timestamp":1776377491056,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Os trigonum syndrome represents a cause of posterior ankle pain that is predominantly seen in athletes. The os trigonum ossicle forms from a secondary ossification center of the talus and is located at its posterior aspect in an interval between the posterior lip of the tibial plafond and calcaneus. The os trigonum ossicle is often an incidental finding and asymptomatic. However, repetitive plantarflexion and push-off maneuvers can cause symptoms and lead a patient to pursue orthopedic care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed search engine with the following keywords: \u201cos trigonum\u201d, \u201cos trigonum ossicle\u201d, \u201cos trigonum syndrome\u201d, \u201cposterior ankle impingement\u201d, and \u201cStieda process\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The pertinent anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of os trigonum syndrome were reviewed in the literature and are extensively discussed in this article.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Os trigonum syndrome represents a potential cause of posterior ankle pain that needs thorough evaluation regarding history, physical examination, and imaging. Once diagnosed, treatment ranges from conservative to surgical interventions depending on surgeon preference and specific case presentation. [\n              <jats:italic>Orthopedics<\/jats:italic>\n              . 2024;47(2):e67\u2013e72.]\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20240122-04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T17:21:28Z","timestamp":1706548888000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Os Trigonum Syndrome: A Cause of Posterior Ankle Pain"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Marquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"De Nonnullis Musculorum Corporis Humani Varietatibus","author":"Rosenm\u00fcller JC","year":"1804","unstructured":"Rosenm\u00fcller JC. De Nonnullis Musculorum Corporis Humani Varietatibus. Klaubarth; 1804."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"On sesamoid and supernumerary bones of the limbs","volume":"55","author":"Bizarro AH","year":"1921","unstructured":"Bizarro AH. On sesamoid and supernumerary bones of the limbs. J Anat. 1921;55(pt 4):256\u2013268. PMID:17103926","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1931.01160060064004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-22-09-545"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2020.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199009000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"The os trigonum: a discussion and case report","volume":"3","author":"Watson CA","year":"1976","unstructured":"Watson CA, Dobas DC. The os trigonum: a discussion and case report. Arch Podiatr Med Foot Surg. 1976;3:17\u201321.","journal-title":"Arch Podiatr Med Foot Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5183-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2022.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.2.r00ma01497"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-013-0277-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.162.1.8273647"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8739362"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318232846d"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.157.3.4059550"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700700606"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0465-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31817fa31d"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2000.19430"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00188"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701801205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513480614"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712475062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200306000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716665576"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9584.2002.00283.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516682498"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211004977"}],"container-title":["Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T14:28:47Z","timestamp":1710944927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.healio.com\/doi\/10.3928\/01477447-20240122-04"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3928\/01477447-20240122-04"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20240122-04","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-7447","1938-2367"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-7447","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2367","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}