{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:06:58Z","timestamp":1774534018387,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is relatively rare, and osteoarticular tuberculosis involving the ankle joint is particularly uncommon. We report a 10.5-year-old, previously healthy male patient who initially presented to the trauma surgery department with a 2-month history of swelling, pain, and limited mobility of the left ankle following minor trauma. Blood tests, including tests to determine blood cell counts, C-reactive protein level, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, bacterial and fungal cultures, and T-cell spot tests for tuberculosis (T-SPOT.TB) were performed. B-ultrasound\u2013guided aspiration of the infected area was carried out, which included two surgeries for extensive irrigation, debridement, and drainage. A pus sample was sent for routine bacterial culture and an acid-fast bacillus test, and the bone and soft tissue samples were sent for pathological biopsy and the detection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    by sequencing and rifampicin resistance analysis. The empirical antibiotic was administered for 1 week, followed by linezolid and rifampicin for anti-infection treatment. Ten days later, the T-SPOT.TB test result was positive. Gene sequencing detected the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex at \u201cvery low levels\u201d with no detection of rifampicin resistance, and the pathological report revealed \u201cchronic necrotizing granulomatous inflammation.\u201d After the diagnosis of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was confirmed, the patient was started on appropriate antituberculosis therapy with the isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (HRZE) regimen, and the function of the ankle joint was followed up in the outpatient clinic. This case serves as a reminder for clinicians to consider\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in children presenting with atypical ankle swelling and pain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20260213-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:59:26Z","timestamp":1773068366000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection Involving the Ankle: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Haiqiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xufei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-1048-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneumo.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2016.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2013.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1885280"},{"issue":"504","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"262","article-title":"[Bone tuberculosis: when consider this diagnosis?]","volume":"12","author":"Del Puppo L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Del Puppo L, Janssens JP, Kherad O, Younossian AB, Fr\u00e9sard I. 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