{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:43:50Z","timestamp":1786679030376,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To determine the effect of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children older than 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A prospective interventional case series included 110 eyes of 94 patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) aged 2 years or older, with no previous intervention. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings (epiphora, discharge, regurgitation test, and fluorescein dye disappearance test). The children were divided into two groups: 2 to 5 years and 6 to 8 years. Probing of the nasolacrimal duct under general anesthesia was done. Success was predefined as resolution of symptoms and signs that persisted 3 months postoperatively. Another probing was done at 4 to 6 weeks when necessary before considering the final outcome as a failure. The chi-square test was used to analyze the result.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Patients' ages ranged from 2 to 8 years (average age: 55 months). Twenty-six (28%) patients needed a second probing. The overall success rate was 80%: 85% in the 2 to 5 years group and 73% in the 6 to 8 years group. The success rate was significantly lower in patients with complex obstruction (33.3%). The outcome of probing was not affected by the age of the patients (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              = .2305).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Probing is a viable primary surgical option in CNLDO in older children and hence should not be withheld in children who are referred late.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                [\n                <jats:italic>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus<\/jats:italic>\n                . 2019;56(3):141\u2013145.]\n              <\/jats:bold>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20190122-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T18:58:10Z","timestamp":1558551490000},"page":"141-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Probing in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Children Older Than 2 Years"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Vaishali Lalit","family":"Une","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushma Subhash","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha Sharad","family":"Nandedkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"4","author":"Kenneth LP","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kenneth LP, Katowitz JA. 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Congenital lacrimal abnormalities. In: , Bosniak S, ed. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1996:731\u2013747."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"660","article-title":"A useful alternative to silicone intubation in congenital nasolacrimal obstructions","volume":"14","author":"Havins HE","year":"1983","unstructured":"Havins HE, Wilkins RB. A useful alternative to silicone intubation in congenital nasolacrimal obstructions. 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