{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:01:21Z","timestamp":1784660481414,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the prevalence of refractive errors among children with cured retinoblastoma in the context of clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department at Ain Shams University Hospital from September 2023 to April 2024. Cycloplegic refraction and fundus photography were performed for children with cured retinoblastoma coming to the ocular oncology clinic for follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Refractive errors were studied in 49 children with cured retinoblastoma, aged 3.8 to 18 years. Refractive astigmatism was the most common error affecting 44.1% of retinoblastoma eyes (95% CI: 27% to 62%) followed by hypermetropia in 26.4%, (95% CI: 11% to 42%). Anisometropia of 1.00 diopter or greater existed in 53.8% of children with retinoblastoma (95% CI: 26% to 91%). Amblyopia due to uncorrected refractive errors existed in 28.6% of children (95% CI: 15% to 42%). A significant positive association existed between the amount of refractive astigmatism and the number of tumors per eye (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.583;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), the number of quadrants affected by the disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.472;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005), the number of systemic chemotherapy sessions (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.401;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .028), the number of laser sessions (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.489,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .004), and the number of globe salvage modalities (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.46 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .006). A significant negative association existed between the amount of refractive astigmatism and the posterior tumor margin to disc distance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.412;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refractive errors are common among children with retinoblastoma, with astigmatism being the most common. Uncorrected refractive errors constitute a risk factor for amblyopia in children with cured retinoblastoma. Diffuse multifocal disease, tumors nearer to the disc, longer chemotherapy duration, and more intensified local treatment are associated with higher refractive astigmatism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20251007-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1764684344000},"page":"269-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among Children With Cured Retinoblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Hani A.","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momen M.","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh H.","family":"Abdel Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada A.","family":"Abd El Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha S.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"Atlas of Intraocular Tumors","author":"Shields JA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shields JA, Shields CL. 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