{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T00:01:47Z","timestamp":1794700907529,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Refract Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether optimized photoactivated chromophore for keratitis\u2013corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK-CXL) treatment settings allow accelerating treatment while maintaining antibacterial efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>strains were irradiated with ultraviolet-A light of equal fluence but different intensity settings (18 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>for 5 minutes and 36 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>for 2.5 minutes). The killing rate was determined by comparing the number of colony-forming units between cross-linked specimens and non-irradiated controls. The potential additional effect of 0.001% benzalkonium chloride was also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The killing rates for<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>were 92.5% \u00b1 5.5% (5 minutes at 18 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and 94.4% \u00b1 2.9% (2.5 minutes at 36 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). For<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, the killing rates were 93.2% \u00b1 8.3% (5 minutes at 18 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and 92.9% \u00b1 5.0% (2.5 minutes at 36 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The presence of benzalkonium chloride in the riboflavin solution did not increase the killing rate significantly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The antibacterial efficacy of PACK-CXL follows the Bunsen\u2013Roscoe law of reciprocity and can be maintained even when the irradiation intensity is considerably increased. These optimized settings may allow a shortened treatment time in the future for PACK-CXL and thus help facilitate the transition from the operating room to the slit lamp for treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>[<jats:italic>J Refract Surg<\/jats:italic>. 2014;30(12):850\u2013854.]<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597x-20141118-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T16:35:58Z","timestamp":1417451758000},"page":"850-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Antibacterial Efficacy of Accelerated Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis\u2013Corneal Collagen Cross-linking (PACK-CXL)"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Richoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Hoogewoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tabibian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Francois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Schrenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Hafezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09385-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.8.622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00716-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2000.tb00065.x","article-title":"The use of riboflavin for the inactivation of pathogens in blood products","volume":"78","author":"Goodrich RP","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodrich RP. 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