{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:28:56Z","timestamp":1788557336060,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Refract Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To summarize the pharmacological strategies that are being explored for presbyopia correction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The review concentrates on pharmacologically induced pupillary miosis to increase depth-of-focus and lens softening or other measures to restore active accommodation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Several studies suggest that near vision improves and distance vision is unaffected for many hours after either monocular or binocular instillation of any one of several drug combinations that cause miosis. Unfortunately, in most studies, measurements were limited to photopic visual acuity for near and distance vision, whereas it is anticipated that pupil constriction may have adverse effects on mesopic and scotopic vision. It is not clear whether improved near vision was due entirely to increased depth-of-focus, or whether, for example, a drug-induced myopic shift in refraction was also involved. Currently, no study has provided direct evidence for drug-induced restoration\/enhancement of true accommodation involving an ocular power change.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although it is possible that, in the future, pharmacological drops may offer a safe and reliable solution for presbyopia correction, more evidence of their effectiveness and limitations is required.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                [\n                <jats:italic>J Refract Surg.<\/jats:italic>\n                2019;35(12):803\u2013814.]\n              <\/jats:bold>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597x-20191010-04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T15:29:28Z","timestamp":1576164568000},"page":"803-814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pharmacological Strategies for Presbyopia Correction"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Mont\u00e9s-Mic\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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