{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:13:06Z","timestamp":1761559986778},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A report on formic acid\u2013induced ocular and systemic injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-two passengers (84 eyes) with formic acid burns following a tanker and bus collision were evaluated and treated. The severity of ocular chemical injury was assessed using the Roper-Hall classification. Standard protocol for management of ocular chemical burns was adopted in all patients. Immediate irrigation of the eyes was done with tap water and all patients received frequent topical steroids, cycloplegics, and lubricating eye drops. Systemic injuries were evaluated and managed collectively by plastic and orthopedic surgeons and internists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>On presentation, 48 (57.14%) eyes had grade 0, 13 (15.48%) eyes had grade I, 16 (19.1%) eyes had grade II, 3 (3.57%) eyes had grade III, and 4 (4.76%) eyes had grade IV chemical injuries. Thirty patients (71.43%) had superficial and 12 (28.57%) had deep skin burns. One (2.38%) patient died due to severe pulmonary edema and 6 (14.29%) patients had severe pulmonary complications requiring oxygen treatment. Seventy-two (87.8%) eyes healed without residual sequelae, 10 (12.2%) eyes had nebulo-macular corneal opacities, and 2 (2.44 %) eyes developed secondary glaucoma and dry eye.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formic acid injuries can lead to a significant ocular and systemic morbidity. Immediate ocular and systemic management is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. Strict regulations are needed for the transportation of dangerous chemicals to prevent accidental chemical injuries.<jats:bold>[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:123\u2013127.]<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20091230-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:32:14Z","timestamp":1265214734000},"page":"123-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ocular and Systemic Morbidity Profile in Mass Formic Acid Injuries"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jagat","family":"Ram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet","family":"Sukhija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Digamber","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amod","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(96)00007-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34509-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(68)91285-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1989.tb07094.x","article-title":"Surgical procedures in the treatment of most severe eye burns: revival of the artificial epithelium","volume":"192","author":"Reim M","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reim M, Teping C. Surgical procedures in the treatment of most severe eye burns: revival of the artificial epithelium. Acta Ophthalmol. 1989;192(suppl):47\u201354.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199905000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32833-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00516-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199903000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(84)90438-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906033402208"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.4.414"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"244","volume-title":"Toxicology of the Eye","author":"Grant WM","year":"1962","unstructured":"Grant WM. Toxicology of the Eye. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1962:244\u2013245."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(93)90104-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"228","article-title":"Treatment of experimental ocular hydrofluoric acid burns","volume":"19","author":"McCulley JP","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCulley JP, Pettit M, Lauber S. Treatment of experimental ocular hydrofluoric acid burns. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980;19(suppl):228.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Chemical corneal burns","volume":"24","author":"Pfister RR","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pfister RR. Chemical corneal burns. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1984;24:157\u2013168.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34401-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(68)91285-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196512022732308"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6631.1263-i"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00021-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1057170"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970040807013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"631","article-title":"Thermal and chemical burns","volume":"85","author":"Roper-Hall MJ","year":"1965","unstructured":"Roper-Hall MJ. Thermal and chemical burns. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1965;85:631\u2013653.","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"228","article-title":"Treatment of experimental ocular hydrofluoric acid burns","volume":"19","author":"McCulley JP","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCulley JP, Pettit M, Lauber S. Treatment of experimental ocular hydrofluoric acid burns. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980;19(suppl):228.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198312000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70091-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199605000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659409000451"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(83)90084-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Eye burns caused by formic acid in agriculture [article in French]","author":"Peyres Blanques J","year":"1981","unstructured":"Peyres Blanques J. Eye burns caused by formic acid in agriculture [article in French]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr. 1981;6\u20137:679\u2013680.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Two fatalities following ammonia (NH3) gassing leaked during transport","volume":"37","author":"Singh S","year":"1989","unstructured":"Singh S, Fadnis P, Sharma BK. Two fatalities following ammonia (NH3) gassing leaked during transport. J Assoc Physicians India. 1989;37:481\u2013482.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.healio.com\/doiresolver?doi=10.3928\/15428877-20091230-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T13:16:43Z","timestamp":1711199803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.healio.com\/doi\/10.3928\/15428877-20091230-22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3928\/15428877-20091230-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/15428877-20091230-22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-8160","2325-8179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-8160","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-8179","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}