{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:35:48Z","timestamp":1752230148806},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Auto-antibodies assist with the diagnosis of ocular paraneoplastic syndromes and autoimmune ocular conditions; however, the frequency of positive test results as a possible precursor to future disease is unknown. The frequency of positive antibodies in heavy smokers who may be at risk for autoimmune-related retinopathy and optic neuropathy was evaluated. Serum antibody activity was evaluated through the use of Western blot reactions from pig retina and optic nerve extract. Fifty-one patients were included: 35 patients were smokers (average: 40.9 pack-year history) and 26 patients had no past smoking history. None of the patients had any visual complaints or known eye disease. Of the patients studied, 76.5% (39 patients: 18 smokers, 21 non-smokers) had positive antiretinal antibodies, and 19.6% (10 patients: 3 smokers, 7 non-smokers) had positive antioptic nerve antibodies. Anti-retinal antibodies were seen in a majority of randomly selected patients with and without a past smoking history. Anti-optic nerve bodies were less common, but more prevalent in those who never smoked. The specificity of these antibodies remains greatly uncertain and clinical correlation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              [\n              <jats:italic>Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.<\/jats:italic>\n              2015;46:1068\u20131070.]\n            <\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20151027-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T18:57:05Z","timestamp":1448391425000},"page":"1068-1070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Positive Auto-Antibody Activity With Retina and Optic Nerve in Smokers and Non-Smokers: The Controversy Continues"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Eric K.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R. P.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khoa V.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Keltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Thirkill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Controversies of diagnosing autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"128","author":"Heckenlively JR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heckenlively JR, Ferreyra HA, Jayasundera T. Controversies of diagnosing autoimmune retinopathy. 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