{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:29:47Z","timestamp":1771644587620,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has evolved over the last decade. This article reviews recent clinical trials and experimental evidence that supports clinical outcomes and observations, including the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in reducing the vascular activity of severe ROP, and the mechanisms behind recurrent stage 3 ROP and plus disease in some infants treated with anti-VEGF agents. Also discussed will be current imaging modalities that link experimental models of ROP with longitudinal human studies and which provide exciting future opportunities to enhance the understanding of pathophysiology of ROP and improve treatments.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              [\n              <jats:italic>Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.<\/jats:italic>\n              2019;50:228\u2013234.]\n            <\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20190401-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T16:08:05Z","timestamp":1555603685000},"page":"228-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Experimental Evidence Behind Clinical Trial Outcomes in Retinopathy of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Mary Elizabeth","family":"Hartnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Ann","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.38.7.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(53)91779-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311253292201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92475-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199412000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"512","article-title":"VEGF isoforms and their expression after a single episode of hypoxia or repeated fluctuations between hyperoxia and hypoxia: Relevance to clinical ROP","volume":"10","author":"McColm JR","year":"2004","unstructured":"McColm JR, Geisen P, Hartnett ME. VEGF isoforms and their expression after a single episode of hypoxia or repeated fluctuations between hyperoxia and hypoxia: Relevance to clinical ROP. Molecular Vision. 2004;10:512\u2013520.","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-018-9618-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.3.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000268032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody to VEGF reduces intravitreous neovascularization and may not interfere with ongoing intraretinal vascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"14","author":"Geisen P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geisen P, Peterson LJ, Martiniuk D, Uppal A, Saito Y, Hartnett ME. Neutralizing antibody to VEGF reduces intravitreous neovascularization and may not interfere with ongoing intraretinal vascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. Mol Vis. 2008;14:345\u2013357.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.11.1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000242842.14624.e7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.4838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-1193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0084-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.159879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2016.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.3502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-016-0055-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2321-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography of the preterm eye: From retinopathy of prematurity to brain development","volume":"8","author":"Rothman AL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rothman AL, Mangalesh S, Chen X, Toth CA. Optical coherence tomography of the preterm eye: From retinopathy of prematurity to brain development. Eye Brain. 2016;8:123\u2013133.","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31821dfa6d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopthalmol.2011.1846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2016.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.2481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.0422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001471"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.healio.com\/doiresolver?doi=10.3928\/23258160-20190401-05","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T12:30:20Z","timestamp":1683117020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.healio.com\/doi\/10.3928\/23258160-20190401-05"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3928\/23258160-20190401-05"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/23258160-20190401-05","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-8160","2325-8179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-8160","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-8179","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}